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Protocol - Residential History

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Description

This protocol captures information about every residence the respondent has lived in for 3 months or longer. It includes questions concerning topics such as the dates lived, exact address and/or landmarks near the residence, whether the residence was located on or near a farm, the type of water supply, whether the residence was near fields or orchards, and whether it was located in the center or margin of town.

After the interview has been completed, the researcher should determine the geocoordinates of each residence. Some geocoordinates will not be accurate based on the data obtained from these questions and may be improved with additional quality control measures or by obtaining a global positioning system (GPS) measurement at the residence.

Specific Instructions

If the complete address is not provided, the interviewer should ask about landmarks near the respondent’s residence. Closest intersections (cross streets), closest major streets, churches, major stores, and schools, museums, hospitals, city halls, post offices, other state or federal administrative buildings, historical monuments, memorial places, parks, or ponds are good landmarks to allow for manual geocoding when exact street addresses are not remembered. It is also important to ask for distance to and direction from the landmark (e.g., southwest corner of Northwestern High School property, near northern edge of Madson’s Tree Farm).

Availability

Available

Protocol

Ask the respondent about current and previous residences in which he or she has lived for 3 months or longer. Begin with the current residence, and complete one row for each residence. Geocoordinates are obtained after the interview is completed by entering the complete address into a web-based geocoding tool such as the one developed by the University of Southern California’s GIS Research Laboratory and maintained at Texas A&M University at http://geoservices.tamu.edu/Services/Geocode/. Utilize this or a similar tool or other reliable geocoding databases to determine the geocoordinates for each residence. A guide to geocoding services and practical applications is provided at http://geoservices.tamu.edu/Services/Geocode/OtherGeocoders/, and geocoding details are discussed in Goldberg, D. W., & Cockburn, M. G. (2010). Improving geocode accuracy with candidate selection criteria. Transactions in GIS, 14(S1), 129-146. http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1467-9671.2010.01211.x/abstract

The accuracy of geocoordinates may also be improved by using a geocode correction tool (Goldberg, D., Wilson, J., Knoblock, C., Ritz, B., & Cockburn M. [2008]. An effective and efficient approach for manually improving geocodes. International Journal of Health Geographics, 7, 60-79).

Dates Lived

Address: Street/Crosstreets City, State, ZIP code (5-digit, or 9-digit, if available), Country (if not U.S.) or landmark

Was this on a farm?

What was your water supply?

Near fields or orchards?

Did you live close to the center or margin of town?

1a.

From:

To:

1b.

1c.

[ ] on farm

[ ] no

1d.

[ ] city

[ ] private well

[ ] filtered water

[ ] bottled water

[ ] other:

______________

1e.

[ ] yes

[ ] no

1f.

[ ] center

[ ] margin

2a.

From:

To:

2b.

2c.

[ ] on farm

[ ] no

2d.

[ ] city

[ ] private well

[ ] filtered water

[ ] bottled water

[ ] other:

______________

2e.

[ ] yes

[ ] no

2f.

[ ] center

[ ] margin

3a.

From:

To:

3b.

3c.

[ ] on farm

[ ] no

3d.

[ ] city

[ ] private well

[ ] filtered water

[ ] bottled water

[ ] other:

______________

3e.

[ ] yes

[ ] no

3f.

[ ] center

[ ] margin

After the interview has been completed, enter the geocoordinates for the residence.

Were the geocoordinates verified?

1g.

latitude _______________

longitude _______________

[ ] not available, incomplete address

1h.

1[ ]yes-if yes, how? ________________

2[ ]no

2g.

latitude _______________

longitude _______________

[ ] not available, incomplete address

2h.

1[ ]yes-if yes, how? ________________

2[ ]no

3g.

latitude _______________

longitude _______________

[ ] not available, incomplete address

3h.

1[ ]yes-if yes, how? _______________

2[ ]no

Personnel and Training Required

The interviewer must be trained to conduct personal interviews with individuals from the general population. The interviewer must be trained and found to be competent (i.e., tested by an expert) at the completion of personal interviews.* The interviewer should be trained to prompt respondents further if a "don’t know" response is provided.

Manual geocoding requires some training and the individual who performs this activity should be tested to determine his or her competency at obtaining acceptable results. Training would also be necessary to perform quality control measures.

* There are multiple modes to administer this question (e.g., paper-and-pencil and computer-assisted interviews).

Equipment Needs

While the source protocol was developed to be administered by a computer-assisted telephone instrument, the PhenX Working Group acknowledges these questions can be administered in a noncomputerized format (i.e., paper-and-pencil instrument). Computer software is necessary to develop computer-assisted instruments. The interviewer will require a laptop computer or handheld computer to administer a computer-assisted questionnaire.

Geocoding can be performed by web-based computer application or vendor. Mapping software, such as ArcGIS®, is essential to map geocoordinates.

Requirements
Requirement CategoryRequired
Major equipment No
Specialized training No
Specialized requirements for biospecimen collection No
Average time of greater than 15 minutes in an unaffected individual Yes
Mode of Administration

Interviewer-administered questionnaire

Lifestage

Adult

Participants

Adult 18+

Selection Rationale

A detailed residential history assessment is preferable for exposure assessment because many exposures (e.g., air pollution or agricultural pesticide use) cannot be estimated or reported by individuals, but knowing the location of their residence may indicate potential for exposure. Many chronic diseases have a long latency such that current address only may be insufficient for exposure assessment.

Language

Chinese, English, Other languages available at source

Standards
StandardNameIDSource
Logical Observation Identifiers Names and Codes (LOINC) Environ exp residential hx proto 62518-6 LOINC
caDSR Form PhenX PX060301 - Residential History 5868307 caDSR Form
Derived Variables

None

Process and Review

The Expert Review Panel #2 (ERP 2) reviewed the measures in the Demographics, Environmental Exposures, and Social Environments domains.

Guidance from ERP 2 includes:

• Revised descriptions of the measure

Back-compatible: no changes to Data Dictionary

Previous version in Toolkit archive (link)

Protocol Name from Source

Parkinsons Disease, Environment, and Genes Study (PEG Study), 2001

Source

Goldberg, D., Wilson, J., Knoblock, C., Ritz, B., & Cockburn M. (2008). An effective and efficient approach for manually improving geocodes. International Journal of Health Geographics, 7, 60–79.

Ritz, B. (2001). University of California, Los Angeles. Parkinsons Disease, Environment, and Genes Study (PEG Study), 2001. Question numbers 1a.–3f.

General References

Environmental Systems Research Institute, Inc. (ESRI). ArcGIS® software.

Protocol ID

60301

Variables
Export Variables
Variable Name Variable IDVariable DescriptiondbGaP Mapping
PX060301_Residence_Address_1
PX060301010200 What is the residence address? more
Street/Crosstreets City, State or Landmark. show less
Variable Mapping
PX060301_Residence_Address_2
PX060301020200 What is the residence address? more
Street/Crosstreets City, State or Landmark. show less
N/A
PX060301_Residence_Address_3
PX060301030200 What is the residence address? more
Street/Crosstreets City, State or Landmark. show less
N/A
PX060301_Residence_Date_Lived_From_1
PX060301010101 From what date did you live in the residence? N/A
PX060301_Residence_Date_Lived_From_2
PX060301020101 From what date did you live in the residence? N/A
PX060301_Residence_Date_Lived_From_3
PX060301030101 From what date did you live in the residence? N/A
PX060301_Residence_Date_Lived_To_1
PX060301010102 To what date did/do you live in the residence? N/A
PX060301_Residence_Date_Lived_To_2
PX060301020102 To what date did/do you live in the residence? N/A
PX060301_Residence_Date_Lived_To_3
PX060301030102 To what date did/do you live in the residence? N/A
PX060301_Residence_Geocoordinate_Coded_1
PX060301010703 After the interview has been completed, more
enter the geocoordinates for the residence. show less
N/A
PX060301_Residence_Geocoordinate_Coded_2
PX060301020703 After the interview has been completed, more
enter the geocoordinates for the residence. show less
N/A
PX060301_Residence_Geocoordinate_Coded_3
PX060301030703 After the interview has been completed, more
enter the geocoordinates for the residence. show less
N/A
PX060301_Residence_Geocoordinate_Latitude_1
PX060301010701 After the interview has been completed, more
enter the geocoordinates for the residence. Latitude show less
N/A
PX060301_Residence_Geocoordinate_Latitude_2
PX060301020701 After the interview has been completed, more
enter the geocoordinates for the residence. Latitude show less
N/A
PX060301_Residence_Geocoordinate_Latitude_3
PX060301030701 After the interview has been completed, more
enter the geocoordinates for the residence. Latitude show less
N/A
PX060301_Residence_Geocoordinate_Longitude_1
PX060301010702 After the interview has been completed, more
enter the geocoordinates for the residence. Longitude show less
N/A
PX060301_Residence_Geocoordinate_Longitude_2
PX060301020702 After the interview has been completed, more
enter the geocoordinates for the residence. Longitude show less
N/A
PX060301_Residence_Geocoordinate_Longitude_3
PX060301030702 After the interview has been completed, more
enter the geocoordinates for the residence. Longitude show less
N/A
PX060301_Residence_Geocoordinate_Verified_1
PX060301010800 Were the geocoordinates verified? N/A
PX060301_Residence_Geocoordinate_Verified_1_How
PX060301010801 Describes how geocoordinates were verifed N/A
PX060301_Residence_Geocoordinate_Verified_2
PX060301020800 Were the geocoordinates verified? N/A
PX060301_Residence_Geocoordinate_Verified_2_How
PX060301020801 Describes how geocoordinates were verifed N/A
PX060301_Residence_Geocoordinate_Verified_3
PX060301030800 Were the geocoordinates verified? N/A
PX060301_Residence_Geocoordinate_Verified_3_How
PX060301030801 Describes how the geocoordinates were verified N/A
PX060301_Residence_Near_Field_Orchards_1
PX060301010500 Near fields or orchards? N/A
PX060301_Residence_Near_Field_Orchards_2
PX060301020500 Near fields or orchards? N/A
PX060301_Residence_Near_Field_Orchards_3
PX060301030500 Near fields or orchards? N/A
PX060301_Residence_Near_Town_1
PX060301010600 Did you live close to the center or margin more
of town? show less
N/A
PX060301_Residence_Near_Town_2
PX060301020600 Did you live close to the center or margin more
of town? show less
N/A
PX060301_Residence_Near_Town_3
PX060301030600 Did you live close to the center or margin more
of town? show less
N/A
PX060301_Residence_On_Farm_1
PX060301010300 Was this on a farm? Variable Mapping
PX060301_Residence_On_Farm_2
PX060301020300 Was this on a farm? N/A
PX060301_Residence_On_Farm_3
PX060301030300 Was this on a farm? N/A
PX060301_Residence_Water_Supply_1
PX060301010400 What was your water supply? Variable Mapping
PX060301_Residence_Water_Supply_1_Specify
PX060301010401 What was your water supply? Variable Mapping
PX060301_Residence_Water_Supply_2
PX060301020400 What was your water supply? N/A
PX060301_Residence_Water_Supply_2_Specify
PX060301020401 What was your water supply? N/A
PX060301_Residence_Water_Supply_3
PX060301030400 What was your water supply? N/A
PX060301_Residence_Water_Supply_3_Specify
PX060301030401 What was your water supply? N/A
Environmental Exposures
Measure Name

Residential History

Release Date

October 30, 2009

Definition

Questions about the respondent’s current and previous residences. Details on each residence are collected to allow sufficient data for geocoding.

Purpose

Many studies have linked the physical location of a person’s residence with environmental exposures such as air pollution or other environmental toxins in soil or water that can cause adverse effects to the cardiac, pulmonary, or nervous systems. Researchers can use the geographic coordinates (geocoordinates) of a person’s residence to determine the residence’s location and determine proximity or exposure to local and ambient pollutants. Information about not only the current residence but also previous residences is more useful because relevant exposures may have occurred in the past, and many diseases have a long latency period (e.g., cancers or nervous system diseases). Residential geolocations can subsequently be linked to additional information such as water source and whether or not the property was located on a farm to serve as additional indicators for potential environmental exposures.

Keywords

Environmental exposure, residence, farm, geocoordinate, latitude, longitude, landmark, global positioning system, GPS, immigrant health

Measure Protocols
Protocol ID Protocol Name
60301 Residential History
Publications

Kwok, R. K., et al. (2017) The GuLF STUDY: A Prospective Study of Persons Involved in the Deepwater Horizon Oil Spill Response and Clean-Up. Environ Health Perspect. 2017 April; 125(4): 570-578. doi: 10.1289/EHP715