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Protocol - Attention-Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder Symptoms - Child

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Description

The Strengths and Weaknesses of Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder Symptoms and Normal Behavior Scale (SWAN) is an 18-question, parent- or teacher-reported rating scale to assess for the indication of attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in children.

"Weaknesses" are scored as positive and the "strengths" are scored as negative because the usual ratings (i.e., in the Swanson, Nolan, and Pelham [SNAP] Questionnaire) are ratings of "symptom severity." This keeps the average rating-per-item of the SWAN aligned with the average rating-per-item of the SNAP if the negative item ratings of the SWAN are set to 0 before averaging the items.

Specific Instructions

None

Availability

Available

Protocol

For each item listed below, how does this child compare to other children of the same age? Please select the best rating based on your observations over the past month.

Compared to other children, how does this child do the following:

1. Give close attention to detail and avoid careless mistakes

[ ] far below

[ ] below

[ ] slightly below

[ ] average

[ ] slightly above

[ ] above

[ ] far above

2. Sustain attention on tasks or play activities

[ ] far below

[ ] below

[ ] slightly below

[ ] average

[ ] slightly above

[ ] above

[ ] far above

3. Listen when spoken to directly

[ ] far below

[ ] below

[ ] slightly below

[ ] average

[ ] slightly above

[ ] above

[ ] far above

4. Follow through on instructions & finish school work/chores

[ ] far below

[ ] below

[ ] slightly below

[ ] average

[ ] slightly above

[ ] above

[ ] far above

5. Organize tasks and activities

[ ] far below

[ ] below

[ ] slightly below

[ ] average

[ ] slightly above

[ ] above

[ ] far above

6. Engage in tasks that require sustained mental effort

[ ] far below

[ ] below

[ ] slightly below

[ ] average

[ ] slightly above

[ ] above

[ ] far above

7. Keep track of things necessary for activities

[ ] far below

[ ] below

[ ] slightly below

[ ] average

[ ] slightly above

[ ] above

[ ] far above

8. Ignore extraneous stimuli

[ ] far below

[ ] below

[ ] slightly below

[ ] average

[ ] slightly above

[ ] above

[ ] far above

9. Remember daily activities

[ ] far below

[ ] below

[ ] slightly below

[ ] average

[ ] slightly above

[ ] above

[ ] far above

10. Sit still (control movement of hands/feet or control squirming)

[ ] far below

[ ] below

[ ] slightly below

[ ] average

[ ] slightly above

[ ] above

[ ] far above

11. Stay seated (when required by class rules/social conventions)

[ ] far below

[ ] below

[ ] slightly below

[ ] average

[ ] slightly above

[ ] above

[ ] far above

12. Modulate motor activity (inhibit inappropriate running/climbing)

[ ] far below

[ ] below

[ ] slightly below

[ ] average

[ ] slightly above

[ ] above

[ ] far above

13. Play quietly (keep noise level reasonable)

[ ] far below

[ ] below

[ ] slightly below

[ ] average

[ ] slightly above

[ ] above

[ ] far above

14. Settle down and rest (control constant activity)

[ ] far below

[ ] below

[ ] slightly below

[ ] average

[ ] slightly above

[ ] above

[ ] far above

15. Modulate verbal activity (control excess talking)

[ ] far below

[ ] below

[ ] slightly below

[ ] average

[ ] slightly above

[ ] above

[ ] far above

16. Reflect on questions (control blurting out answers)

[ ] far below

[ ] below

[ ] slightly below

[ ] average

[ ] slightly above

[ ] above

[ ] far above

17. Await turn (stand in line and take turns)

[ ] far below

[ ] below

[ ] slightly below

[ ] average

[ ] slightly above

[ ] above

[ ] far above

18. Enter into conversation & games (control interrupting/intruding)

[ ] far below

[ ] below

[ ] slightly below

[ ] average

[ ] slightly above

[ ] above

[ ] far above

Scoring Instructions:

Each question of the SWAN is scored on a seven-point scale, where Far Below Average = 3, Below Average = 2, Somewhat Below Average = 1, Average = 0, Somewhat Above Average = -1, Above Average = -2, and Far Above Average = -3.

Subscale scores on the SWAN are calculated by summing the scores on the items in the specific subset (e.g., Inattention) and dividing by the number of items (e.g., 9) to express the summary score as the Average Rating-Per-Item.

If omitted, the item is dropped, not set to 0. If more than half the items are omitted, then the use of the scale score is probably not valid.

ADHD-In

ADHD-H/Im

#1_______

#10_______

#2_______

#11_______

#3_______

#12_______

#4_______

#13_______

#5_______

#14_______

#6_______

#15_______

#7_______

#16_______

#8_______

#17_______

#9_______

#18_______

Total = _______

Total = _______

Average = _______

Average = _______

Total for all 18 items = _________

Average for all 18 items = ________

© Dr. James Swanson

Personnel and Training Required

None

Equipment Needs

None

Requirements
Requirement CategoryRequired
Major equipment No
Specialized training No
Specialized requirements for biospecimen collection No
Average time of greater than 15 minutes in an unaffected individual No
Mode of Administration

Self- or proxy-administered questionnaire

Lifestage

Child, Adolescent

Participants

Parent or teacher of a child under the age of 18 years.

Selection Rationale

The Strengths and Weaknesses of Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder Symptoms and Normal Behavior Scale (SWAN) was vetted against similar protocols and selected because it is a validated, parent- or teacher-reported instrument that is relatively low burden for investigators and respondents.

Language

Chinese, English, Other languages available at source

Standards
StandardNameIDSource
Logical Observation Identifiers Names and Codes (LOINC) Attention deficit hyperac child proto 62751-3 LOINC
Human Phenotype Ontology Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder HP:0007018 HPO
caDSR Form PhenX PX121502 - Attentiondeficit Hyperactivity Disorder Symptoms Child 6168626 caDSR Form
Derived Variables

None

Process and Review

Expert Review Panel 4 (ERP 4) reviewed the measures in the Neurology, Psychiatric, and Psychosocial domains.

Guidance from ERP 4 included the following:

  • No changes

Protocol Name from Source

The Strengths and Weaknesses of Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder Symptoms and Normal Behavior Scale (SWAN)

Source

Swanson, J., Deutsch, C., Cantwell, D., Posner, M., Kennedy, J. L., Barr, C. L., Moyzis, R., Schuck, S., Flodman, P., Spence, M. A., & Wasdell, M. (2001). Genes and attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder. Clinical Neuroscience Research, 1, 207-216.

Swanson, J., Schuck, S., Mann, M., Carlson, C., Hartman, K., Sergeant, J., Clevenger, W., Wasdell, M., & McCleary, R. (2005). Categorical and dimensional definitions and evaluations of symptoms of ADHD: The SNAP and the SWAN ratings scales.

General References

American Psychiatric Association (APA). (2000). Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders (4th ed., text rev.). Washington, DC: Author.

Cornish, K. M., Manly, T., Savage, R., Swanson, J., Morisano, D., Butler, N., Grant, C., Cross, G., Bentley, L., & Hollis, C. P. (2005). Association of the dopamine transporter (DAT1) 10/10-repeat genotype with ADHD symptoms and response inhibition in a general population. Molecular Psychiatry, 10(7), 686-698.

Hay, D. A., Bennett, K. S., Levy, F., Sergeant, J., & Swanson, J. (2006). A twin study of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder dimensions rated by the Strengths and Weaknesses of ADHD Symptoms and Normal Behavior (SWAN) Scale. Biological Psychiatry 61(5), 700-705.

Lubke, G. H., Muthén, B, Moilanen, I. K., McGough, J. J., Loo, S. K., Swanson, J. M., Yang, M. H., Taanila, A., Hurtig, T., Jarvelin, M. R., & Smalley, S. L. (2007). Subtypes versus severity differences in attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder in the Northern Finnish Birth Cohort. Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 46(12), 1584-1593.

Polderman, T. J. C., Derks, E. S., Hudziak, J. J., Verhulst, F. C., Posthuma, D., & Boomsma, D. I. (2007). Across the continuum of attention skills: A twin study of the SWAN ADHD rating scale. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 48(11), 1080-1087.

Swanson, J. M., Wigal, T., & Lakes, K. (2009). DSM-V and the future diagnosis of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder. Current Psychiatric Reports, 11(5), 399-406.

Young, D. A., Levy, F., Martin, N. C., & Hay, D. A. (2009). Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder: A Rasch analysis of the SWAN Rating Scale. Child Psychiatry and Human Development, 40(4), 543-559.

Protocol ID

121502

Variables
Export Variables
Variable Name Variable IDVariable DescriptiondbGaP Mapping
PX121502_Await_Turns
PX121502170000 Await turn (stand in line and take turns) N/A
PX121502_Close_Attention_To_Detail
PX121502010000 Give close attention to detail and avoid more
careless mistakes show less
N/A
PX121502_Control_Blurting_Out
PX121502160000 Reflect on questions (control blurting out more
answers) show less
N/A
PX121502_Control_Excess_Talking
PX121502150000 Modulate verbal activity (control excess talking) N/A
PX121502_Control_Interrupting
PX121502180000 Enter into conversation & games (control more
interrupting/intruding) show less
N/A
PX121502_Engage_Mental_Effort
PX121502060000 Engage in tasks that require sustained more
mental effort show less
N/A
PX121502_Follow_Through_Chores
PX121502040000 Follow through on instructions & finish more
school work/chores show less
N/A
PX121502_Ignore_Extraneous_Stimuli
PX121502080000 Ignore extraneous stimuli N/A
PX121502_Keep_Track_Of_Activity_Items
PX121502070000 Keep track of things necessary for activities N/A
PX121502_Listen_When_Spoken_To
PX121502030000 Listen when spoken to directly N/A
PX121502_Modulate_Motor_Activity
PX121502120000 Modulate motor activity (inhibit more
inappropriate running/climbing) show less
N/A
PX121502_Organize_Tasks_Activities
PX121502050000 Organize tasks and activities N/A
PX121502_Play_Quietly
PX121502130000 Play quietly (keep noise level reasonable) N/A
PX121502_Remember_Daily_Activities
PX121502090000 Remember daily activities N/A
PX121502_Settle_Down
PX121502140000 Settle down and rest (control constant activity) N/A
PX121502_Sit_Still
PX121502100000 Sit still (control movement of hands/feet or more
control squirming) show less
N/A
PX121502_Stay_Seated
PX121502110000 Stay seated (when required by class more
rules/social conventions) show less
N/A
PX121502_Sustain_Attention
PX121502020000 Sustain attention on tasks or play activities N/A
Psychiatric
Measure Name

Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder Symptoms

Release Date

May 12, 2010

Definition

A questionnaire to assess attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), a condition characterized by patterns of inattention, hyperactivity, and impulsivity that is more pronounced than in other individuals at similar developmental levels (APA, 2000).

Purpose

This measure is used to screen an individual for attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and to assess the severity of symptoms. ADHD is found in 3%-7% of school-aged children and demonstrates a familial pattern because first-order relatives of affected individuals are at higher risk for ADHD and other disorders, such as mood, anxiety, and learning disorders. The severity and course of ADHD are also influenced by environmental factors, such as school and family (APA, 2000).

Keywords

Psychiatric, attention, concentration, impulsivity

Measure Protocols
Protocol ID Protocol Name
121501 Attention-Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder Symptoms - Adult
121502 Attention-Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder Symptoms - Child
Publications

There are no publications listed for this protocol.