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Protocol OverviewBrowse » Domains » Social Environments » Discrimination » Discrimination Note: Some Protocols contain images. You may click the thumbnails to preview the full image. To print Protocols with full size images, please add those Protocols to your Toolkit and Generate a Report.
Discrimination #210302
Protocol Release Date
  October 8, 2010 Protocol Name From Source
Major Experiences and Everyday Discrimination Scales Description of Protocol
The Major Experiences and Everyday Discrimination Scales include 19 interviewer-administered, yes-or-no and frequency response category questions. The Major Experiences subscale includes 9 questions about employment, housing, and education; the Everyday Discrimination subscale includes 10 questions about interactions with other people, including courtesy, respect, and harassment. A follow-up question to "yes" responses is also administered to probe about the reason for the discrimination as being related to race, gender, age, religion, disability, and so forth. Specific Instructions
Although the Major Experiences and Everyday Discrimination Scales were validated on adults, aged 25-65 years old, the PhenX Social Environments Working Group recommends that it can be used with adults of all ages. The Everyday Discrimination Scale may also be used with adolescents. Protocol
Major Experiences of Discrimination "In the following questions, we are interested in the way other people have treated you or your beliefs about how other people have treated you. Can you tell me if any of the following has ever happened to you:" 1. At any time in your life, have you ever been unfairly fired? [ ] Yes [ ] No 1.1. If "yes" follow-up with: What do you think was the main reason for this experience? 1 [ ] Your ancestry or national origin 2 [ ] Your gender 3 [ ] Your race 4 [ ] Your age 5 [ ] Your religion 6 [ ] Your height 7 [ ] Your weight 8 [ ] Some other aspect of your physical appearance 9 [ ] Your sexual orientation 10 [ ] Your education or income level OTHER POSSIBLE CATEGORIES TO CONSIDER 1 [ ] A physical disability 2 [ ] Your shade of skin color 3 [ ] Your tribe Other (SPECIFY) _______________ 1.2. When was the last time this happened? 1 [ ] Past week 2 [ ] Past month 3 [ ] Past year 4 [ ] More than a year ago 1.3. How many times has this happened during your lifetime? 2. For unfair reasons, have you ever not been hired for a job? [ ] Yes [ ] No 2.1. If "yes" follow-up with: What do you think was the main reason for this experience? 1 [ ] Your ancestry or national origin 2 [ ] Your gender 3 [ ] Your race 4 [ ] Your age 5 [ ] Your religion 6 [ ] Your height 7 [ ] Your weight 8 [ ] Some other aspect of your physical appearance 9 [ ] Your sexual orientation 10 [ ] Your education or income level OTHER POSSIBLE CATEGORIES TO CONSIDER 1 [ ] A physical disability 2 [ ] Your shade of skin color 3 [ ] Your tribe Other (SPECIFY) _______________ 2.2. When was the last time this happened? 1 [ ] Past week 2 [ ] Past month 3 [ ] Past year 4 [ ] More than a year ago 2.3. How many times has this happened during your lifetime? 3. Have you ever been unfairly denied a promotion? [ ] Yes [ ] No 3.1. If "yes" follow-up with: What do you think was the main reason for this experience? 1 [ ] Your ancestry or national origin 2 [ ] Your gender 3 [ ] Your race 4 [ ] Your age 5 [ ] Your religion 6 [ ] Your height 7 [ ] Your weight 8 [ ] Some other aspect of your physical appearance 9 [ ] Your sexual orientation 10 [ ] Your education or income level OTHER POSSIBLE CATEGORIES TO CONSIDER 1 [ ] A physical disability 2 [ ] Your shade of skin color 3 [ ] Your tribe Other (SPECIFY) _______________ 3.2. When was the last time this happened? 1 [ ] Past week 2 [ ] Past month 3 [ ] Past year 4 [ ] More than a year ago 3.3. How many times has this happened during your lifetime? 4. Have you ever been unfairly stopped, searched, questioned, physically threatened or abused by the police? [ ] Yes [ ] No 4.1. If "yes" follow-up with: What do you think was the main reason for this experience? 1 [ ] Your ancestry or national origin 2 [ ] Your gender 3 [ ] Your race 4 [ ] Your age 5 [ ] Your religion 6 [ ] Your height 7 [ ] Your weight 8 [ ] Some other aspect of your physical appearance 9 [ ] Your sexual orientation 10 [ ] Your education or income level OTHER POSSIBLE CATEGORIES TO CONSIDER 1 [ ] A physical disability 2 [ ] Your shade of skin color 3 [ ] Your tribe Other (SPECIFY) _______________ 4.2. When was the last time this happened? 1 [ ] Past week 2 [ ] Past month 3 [ ] Past year 4 [ ] More than a year ago 4.3. How many times has this happened during your lifetime? 5. Have you ever been unfairly discouraged by a teacher or advisor from continuing your education? [ ] Yes [ ] No 5.1. If "yes" follow-up with: What do you think was the main reason for this experience? 1 [ ] Your ancestry or national origin 2 [ ] Your gender 3 [ ] Your race 4 [ ] Your age 5 [ ] Your religion 6 [ ] Your height 7 [ ] Your weight 8 [ ] Some other aspect of your physical appearance 9 [ ] Your sexual orientation 10 [ ] Your education or income level OTHER POSSIBLE CATEGORIES TO CONSIDER 1 [ ] A physical disability 2 [ ] Your shade of skin color 3 [ ] Your tribe Other (SPECIFY) _______________ 5.2. When was the last time this happened? 1 [ ] Past week 2 [ ] Past month 3 [ ] Past year 4 [ ] More than a year ago 5.3. How many times has this happened during your lifetime? 6. Have you ever been unfairly prevented from moving into a neighborhood because the landlord or a realtor refused to sell or rent you a house or apartment? [ ] Yes [ ] No 6.1. If "yes" follow-up with: What do you think was the main reason for this experience? 1 [ ] Your ancestry or national origin 2 [ ] Your gender 3 [ ] Your race 4 [ ] Your age 5 [ ] Your religion 6 [ ] Your height 7 [ ] Your weight 8 [ ] Some other aspect of your physical appearance 9 [ ] Your sexual orientation 10 [ ] Your education or income level OTHER POSSIBLE CATEGORIES TO CONSIDER 1 [ ] A physical disability 2 [ ] Your shade of skin color 3 [ ] Your tribe Other (SPECIFY) _______________ 6.2. When was the last time this happened? 1 [ ] Past week 2 [ ] Past month 3 [ ] Past year 4 [ ] More than a year ago 6.3. How many times has this happened during your lifetime? 7. Have you ever moved into a neighborhood where neighbors made life difficult for you or your family? [ ] Yes [ ] No 7.1. If "yes" follow-up with: What do you think was the main reason for this experience? 1 [ ] Your ancestry or national origin 2 [ ] Your gender 3 [ ] Your race 4 [ ] Your age 5 [ ] Your religion 6 [ ] Your height 7 [ ] Your weight 8 [ ] Some other aspect of your physical appearance 9 [ ] Your sexual orientation 10 [ ] Your education or income level OTHER POSSIBLE CATEGORIES TO CONSIDER 1 [ ] A physical disability 2 [ ] Your shade of skin color 3 [ ] Your tribe Other (SPECIFY) _______________ 7.2. When was the last time this happened? 1 [ ] Past week 2 [ ] Past month 3 [ ] Past year 4 [ ] More than a year ago 7.3. How many times has this happened during your lifetime? 8. Have you ever been unfairly denied a bank loan? [ ] Yes [ ] No 8.1. If "yes" follow-up with: What do you think was the main reason for this experience? 1 [ ] Your ancestry or national origin 2 [ ] Your gender 3 [ ] Your race 4 [ ] Your age 5 [ ] Your religion 6 [ ] Your height 7 [ ] Your weight 8 [ ] Some other aspect of your physical appearance 9 [ ] Your sexual orientation 10 [ ] Your education or income level OTHER POSSIBLE CATEGORIES TO CONSIDER 1 [ ] A physical disability 2 [ ] Your shade of skin color 3 [ ] Your tribe Other (SPECIFY) _______________ 8.2. When was the last time this happened? 1 [ ] Past week 2 [ ] Past month 3 [ ] Past year 4 [ ] More than a year ago 8.3. How many times has this happened during your lifetime? 9. Have you ever received service from someone such as a plumber or car mechanic that was worse than what other people get? [ ] Yes [ ] No 9.1. If “yes” follow-up with: What do you think was the main reason for this experience? 1 [ ] Your ancestry or national origin 2 [ ] Your gender 3 [ ] Your race 4 [ ] Your age 5 [ ] Your religion 6 [ ] Your height 7 [ ] Your weight 8 [ ] Some other aspect of your physical appearance 9 [ ] Your sexual orientation 10 [ ] Your education or income level OTHER POSSIBLE CATEGORIES TO CONSIDER 1 [ ] A physical disability 2 [ ] Your shade of skin color 3 [ ] Your tribe Other (SPECIFY) _______________ 9.2. When was the last time this happened? 1 [ ] Past week 2 [ ] Past month 3 [ ] Past year 4 [ ] More than a year ago 9.3. How many times has this happened during your lifetime? The Everyday Discrimination Scale In your day-to-day life, how often do any of the following things happen to you? 10. You are treated with less courtesy than other people are. 1 [ ] Almost every day 2 [ ] At least once a week 3 [ ] A few times a month 4 [ ] A few times a year 5 [ ] Less than once a year 6 [ ] Never 10.1. If "A few times a year" or more frequently, follow-up with: What do you think is the main reason for this experience? 1 [ ] Your ancestry or national origin 2 [ ] Your gender 3 [ ] Your race 4 [ ] Your age 5 [ ] Your religion 6 [ ] Your height 7 [ ] Your weight 8 [ ] Some other aspect of your physical appearance 9 [ ] Your sexual orientation 10 [ ] Your education or income level OTHER POSSIBLE CATEGORIES TO CONSIDER 1 [ ] A physical disability 2 [ ] Your shade of skin color 3 [ ] Your tribe Other (SPECIFY) _______________ 11. You are treated with less respect than other people are. 1 [ ] Almost every day 2 [ ] At least once a week 3 [ ] A few times a month 4 [ ] A few times a year 5 [ ] Less than once a year 6 [ ] Never 11.1. If "A few times a year" or more frequently, follow-up with: What do you think was the main reason for this experience? 1 [ ] Your ancestry or national origin 2 [ ] Your gender 3 [ ] Your race 4 [ ] Your age 5 [ ] Your religion 6 [ ] Your height 7 [ ] Your weight 8 [ ] Some other aspect of your physical appearance 9 [ ] Your sexual orientation 10 [ ] Your education or income level OTHER POSSIBLE CATEGORIES TO CONSIDER 1 [ ] A physical disability 2 [ ] Your shade of skin color 3 [ ] Your tribe Other (SPECIFY) _______________ 12. You receive poorer service than other people at restaurants or stores. 1 [ ] Almost every day 2 [ ] At least once a week 3 [ ] A few times a month 4 [ ] A few times a year 5 [ ] Less than once a year 6 [ ] Never 12.1. If "A few times a year" or more frequently, follow-up with: What do you think is the main reason for this experience? 1 [ ] Your ancestry or national origin 2 [ ] Your gender 3 [ ] Your race 4 [ ] Your age 5 [ ] Your religion 6 [ ] Your height 7 [ ] Your weight 8 [ ] Some other aspect of your physical appearance 9 [ ] Your sexual orientation 10 [ ] Your education or income level OTHER POSSIBLE CATEGORIES TO CONSIDER 1 [ ] A physical disability 2 [ ] Your shade of skin color 3 [ ] Your tribe Other (SPECIFY) _______________ 13. People act as if they think you are not smart. 1 [ ] Almost every day 2 [ ] At least once a week 3 [ ] A few times a month 4 [ ] A few times a year 5 [ ] Less than once a year 6 [ ] Never 13.1. If "A few times a year" or more frequently, follow-up with: What do you think is the main reason for this experience? 1 [ ] Your ancestry or national origin 2 [ ] Your gender 3 [ ] Your race 4 [ ] Your age 5 [ ] Your religion 6 [ ] Your height 7 [ ] Your weight 8 [ ] Some other aspect of your physical appearance 9 [ ] Your sexual orientation 10 [ ] Your education or income level OTHER POSSIBLE CATEGORIES TO CONSIDER 1 [ ] A physical disability 2 [ ] Your shade of skin color 3 [ ] Your tribe Other (SPECIFY) _______________ 14. People act as if they are afraid of you. 1 [ ] Almost every day 2 [ ] At least once a week 3 [ ] A few times a month 4 [ ] A few times a year 5 [ ] Less than once a year 6 [ ] Never 14.1. If "A few times a year" or more frequently, follow-up with: What do you think is the main reason for this experience? 1 [ ] Your ancestry or national origin 2 [ ] Your gender 3 [ ] Your race 4 [ ] Your age 5 [ ] Your religion 6 [ ] Your height 7 [ ] Your weight 8 [ ] Some other aspect of your physical appearance 9 [ ] Your sexual orientation 10 [ ] Your education or income level OTHER POSSIBLE CATEGORIES TO CONSIDER 1 [ ] A physical disability 2 [ ] Your shade of skin color 3 [ ] Your tribe Other (SPECIFY) _______________ 15. People act as if they think you are dishonest. 1 [ ] Almost every day 2 [ ] At least once a week 3 [ ] A few times a month 4 [ ] A few times a year 5 [ ] Less than once a year 6 [ ] Never 15.1. If "A few times a year" or more frequently, follow-up with: What do you think is the main reason for this experience? 1 [ ] Your ancestry or national origin 2 [ ] Your gender 3 [ ] Your race 4 [ ] Your age 5 [ ] Your religion 6 [ ] Your height 7 [ ] Your weight 8 [ ] Some other aspect of your physical appearance 9 [ ] Your sexual orientation 10 [ ] Your education or income level OTHER POSSIBLE CATEGORIES TO CONSIDER 1 [ ] A physical disability 2 [ ] Your shade of skin color 3 [ ] Your tribe Other (SPECIFY) _______________ 16. People act as if they’re better than you are. 1 [ ] Almost everyday 2 [ ] At least once a week 3 [ ] A few times a month 4 [ ] A few times a year 5 [ ] Less than once a year 6 [ ] Never 16.1. If "A few times a year" or more frequently, follow-up with: What do you think is the main reason for this experience? 1 [ ] Your ancestry or national origin 2 [ ] Your gender 3 [ ] Your race 4 [ ] Your age 5 [ ] Your religion 6 [ ] Your height 7 [ ] Your weight 8 [ ] Some other aspect of your physical appearance 9 [ ] Your sexual orientation 10 [ ] Your education or income level OTHER POSSIBLE CATEGORIES TO CONSIDER 1 [ ] A physical disability 2 [ ] Your shade of skin color 3 [ ] Your tribe Other (SPECIFY) _______________ 17. You are called names or insulted. 1 [ ] Almost every day 2 [ ] At least once a week 3 [ ] A few times a month 4 [ ] A few times a year 5 [ ] Less than once a year 6 [ ] Never 17.1. If "A few times a year" or more frequently, follow-up with: What do you think is the main reason for this experience? 1 [ ] Your ancestry or national origin 2 [ ] Your gender 3 [ ] Your race 4 [ ] Your age 5 [ ] Your religion 6 [ ] Your height 7 [ ] Your weight 8 [ ] Some other aspect of your physical appearance 9 [ ] Your sexual orientation 10 [ ] Your education or income level OTHER POSSIBLE CATEGORIES TO CONSIDER 1 [ ] A physical disability 2 [ ] Your shade of skin color 3 [ ] Your tribe Other (SPECIFY) _______________ 18. You are threatened or harassed. 1 [ ] Almost every day 2 [ ] At least once a week 3 [ ] A few times a month 4 [ ] A few times a year 5 [ ] Less than once a year 6 [ ] Never 18.1. If "A few times a year" or more frequently, follow-up with: What do you think is the main reason for this experience? 1 [ ] Your ancestry or national origin 2 [ ] Your gender 3 [ ] Your race 4 [ ] Your age 5 [ ] Your religion 6 [ ] Your height 7 [ ] Your weight 8 [ ] Some other aspect of your physical appearance 9 [ ] Your sexual orientation 10 [ ] Your education or income level OTHER POSSIBLE CATEGORIES TO CONSIDER 1 [ ] A physical disability 2 [ ] Your shade of skin color 3 [ ] Your tribe Other (SPECIFY) _______________ 19. You are followed around in stores. 1 [ ] Almost every day 2 [ ] At least once a week 3 [ ] A few times a month 4 [ ] A few times a year 5 [ ] Less than once a year 6 [ ] Never 19.1. If "A few times a year" or more frequently, follow-up with: What do you think is the main reason for this experience? 1 [ ] Your ancestry or national origin 2 [ ] Your gender 3 [ ] Your race 4 [ ] Your age 5 [ ] Your religion 6 [ ] Your height 7 [ ] Your weight 8 [ ] Some other aspect of your physical appearance 9 [ ] Your sexual orientation 10 [ ] Your education or income level OTHER POSSIBLE CATEGORIES TO CONSIDER 1 [ ] A physical disability 2 [ ] Your shade of skin color 3 [ ] Your tribe Other (SPECIFY) _______________ Variables
Selection Rationale
The Major Experiences and Everyday Discrimination Scales were selected because they are widely used, validated protocols with good psychometric properties. Additionally, the scales have been used in multiple racial/ethnic populations in the United States, with increasing use internationally. Source
Williams, D. R. (2015). Measuring discrimination resource. http://scholar.harvard.edu/davidrwilliams/node/32777 Williams, D. R., Yu, Y., Jackson, J., & Anderson, N. (1997). Racial differences in physical and mental health: Socioeconomic status, stress, and discrimination. Journal of Health Psychology, 2(3), 335–351. Life Stage
Adult Language
English, Spanish Participant
Adults, ages 25-65 years Personnel and Training Required
The interviewer must be trained to conduct personal interviews with individuals from the general population. The interviewer must be trained and found to be competent (i.e., tested by an expert). Equipment Needs
Either a paper-and-pencil or computer-assisted instrument may be used. If a computer-assisted instrument is used, computer software may be necessary to develop the instrument. The interviewer will need a laptop computer/handheld computer to administer a computer-assisted questionnaire. Standards
General References
Kessler, R. C., Mickelson, K. D., & Williams, D. R. (1999). The prevalence, distribution, and mental health correlates of perceived discrimination in the United States. Journal of Health and Social Behavior, 40, 208-230. Krieger, N., Smith, K., Naishadham, D., Hartman, C., & Barbeau, E. M. (2005). Experiences of discrimination: Validity and reliability of a self-report measure for population health research on racism and health. Social Science and Medicine, 61, 1576-1596. Mode of Administration
Interviewer-administered questionnaire Derived Variables
None Requirements
Process and Review
Guidance from ERP 2 includes: • Updated protocol • New Data Dictionary Back-compatible: there are changes to the Data Dictionary, previous version of the Data Dictionary and Variable mapping in Toolkit archive ([link[phenxtoolkitdev.rti.org/index.php?pageLink=browse.archive.protocols&id=210000" target="_blank">link) Please cite use of the PhenX Toolkit as: http://www.phenxtoolkit.org - April 11, 2017, Ver 21.0
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Release: April 11, 2017, Ver 21.0
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