Protocol Overview

February 24, 2012

This section will be completed when reviewed by an Expert Review Panel.

The Global Appraisal of Individual Needs-Short Screener (GAIN-SS) contains a five-item internal disorder screener, a five-item external disorder screener, and a five-item substance use disorder screener. Each item measures the recency of the problem (e.g., in the past month, 2-12 months ago, more than one year ago, or never).

Because the Global Appraisal of Individual Needs-Short Screener (GAIN-SS) is a self-reported screener, it should supplement (not replace) the judgment of clinical line staff, who may have urine test results, collateral reports, or other background information available to them. This is particularly important when screening in settings that involve jails, welfare investigations, or other situations where the fear of possible consequences or concerns about confidentiality may influence client answers or affect the validity of their responses.

The Behavioral Health Screener, another PhenX measure found in the Substance Abuse and Addiction Specialty Collections, contains the same questions from the internal disorder, external disorder, and substance use screeners. Therefore, selecting these two protocols together will result in duplicated questions.

Export Variables

Variable Name	Variable ID	Variable Description	Version	Mapping
PX580101_Feeling_Depressed_Hopeless	PX580101010100	When was the last time that you had significant problems with feeling very trapped, lonely, sad, blue, depressed, or hopeless about the future?	4	N/A
PX580101_Sleep_Trouble	PX580101010200	When was the last time that you had significant problems with sleep trouble, such as bad dreams, sleeping restlessly, or falling asleep during the day?	4	N/A
PX580101_Feeling_Anxious_Nervous	PX580101010300	When was the last time that you had significant problems with feeling very anxious, nervous, tense, scared, panicked, or like something bad was going to happen?	4	N/A
PX580101_Distressed_About_Past	PX580101010400	When was the last time that you had significant problems with becoming very distressed and upset when something reminded you of the past?	4	N/A
PX580101_Committing_Suicide	PX580101010500	When was the last time that you had significant problems with a. feeling very trapped, lonely, sad, blue, depressed, or hopeless about the future?	4	N/A
PX580101_Lied_Or_Conned	PX580101020100	When was the last time that you did the following things two or more times? Lied or conned to get things you wanted or to avoid having to do something?	4	N/A
PX580101_Hard_Time_Paying_Attention	PX580101020200	When was the last time that you did the following things two or more times? Had a hard time paying attention at school, work, or home?	4	N/A
PX580101_Hard_Time_Listening_To_Instructions	PX580101020300	When was the last time that you did the following things two or more times? Had a hard time listening to instructions at school, work, or home?	4	N/A
PX580101_Threatened_Other_People	PX580101020400	When was the last time that you did the following things two or more times? Were a bully or threatened other people?	4	N/A
PX580101_Started_Physical_Fights	PX580101020500	When was the last time that you did the following things two or more times? Started physical fights with other people?	4	N/A
PX580101_Used_Alcohol_Or_Drugs_Weekly	PX580101030100	When was the last time that you used alcohol or other drugs weekly or more often?	4	N/A
PX580101_Lot_Of_Time_Alcohol_Drugs	PX580101030200	When was the last time that you spent a lot of time either getting alcohol or other drugs, using alcohol or other drugs, or recovering from the effects of alcohol or other drugs (e.g., feeling sick)?	4	N/A
PX580101_Continued_Using_Alcohol_Drugs	PX580101030300	When was the last time that you kept using alcohol or other drugs even though it was causing social problems, leading to fights, or getting you into trouble with other people?	4	N/A
PX580101_Alcohol_Drugs_Caused_Reduced_Involvement	PX580101030400	When was the last time that your use of alcohol or other drugs caused you to give up or reduce your involvement in activities at work, school, home, or social events?	4	N/A
PX580101_Withdrawal_Problems	PX580101030500	When was the last time that you had withdrawal problems from alcohol or other drugs, like shaky hands, throwing up, having trouble sitting still or sleeping, or you used any alcohol or other drugs to stop being sick or avoid withdrawal problems?	4	N/A

The full Global Appraisal of Individual Needs (GAIN) is a standardized instrument that integrates clinical and research assessment for people presenting for substance abuse treatment. The GAIN-Short Screener (GAIN-SS) is designed to provide valid measures of substance abuse severity overall and in the dimensions of emotional/behavioral problems (including internalizing, externalizing, and substance use disorders) in both adolescent and adult populations. A fourth subscreener, on crime and violence, is not included in this protocol in order to reduce participant burden.

GAIN-SS was developed by selecting items from the full GAIN, based on Rasch analysis, and was validated through internal consistency, efficiency, and receiver operating characteristics (ROC). It is designed for use in general populations to identify quickly and accurately who would have a disorder on the full GAIN (typically, a requirement for treatment entry in behavioral health); to rule out those who would not; and to serve as a measure of change in these same symptoms.

Psychometrics: For both adolescents and adults, GAIN-SS has good internal consistency (alpha of .96 on the complete 20-item screener); was highly correlated (r = 0.84 to 0.94) with the 123-item scales in the full GAIN-Initial; had excellent sensitivity (90% or more) for identifying people with a disorder; and had excellent specificity (92% or more) for correctly ruling out people who did not have a disorder. This screener can also measure change in symptoms over time (Dennis, Chan, & Funk, 2006).

Dennis, M. L., Chan, Y.-F., & Funk, R. R. (2006). Development and validation of the GAIN Short Screener (GAIN-SS) for internalizing, externalizing and substance use disorders and crime/violence problems among adolescents and adults. American Journal on Addictions, 15(Suppl. 1), 80-91.

Adolescent, Adult, Senior, Pregnancy

Arabic, Cambodian, English, Farsi, French, Hindi, Indonesian, Korean, Laotian, Mandarin Chinese, Marathi, Mongolian, Portuguese, Punjabi, Russian, Somali, Spanish, Tagalog, Vietnamese

Adolescent (13-17)

Adult (18+)

Interviewer must be trained and found competent to conduct personal interviews with individuals from the general population. The interviewer should be trained to prompt respondents further if a "don’t know" response is provided.

None

Standard	Name	ID	Source
Common Data Elements (CDE)	Person Emotional Behavior-Related Disorder Questionnaire Assessment Description Text	3371703	CDE Browser

Dennis, M. L., Chan, Y.-F., & Funk, R. (2006). Development and validation of the GAIN Short Screener (GSS) for internalizing, externalizing, and substance use disorders and crime/violence problems among adolescents and adults. American Journal on Addictions, 15(Suppl. 1), 80-91.

Dennis, M. L., Feeney, T., Hanes-Stevens, L., & Bedoya, L. (2008). GAIN-SS: Global Appraisal of Individual Needs-Short Screener (GAIN-SS) administration and scoring manual version 2.0.3. Bloomington, IL: Chestnut Health Systems.

Lucenko, B., Mancuso, D., & Estee, S. (2008). Co-occurring disorders among DSHS clients: A report to the legislature as required by section 601 (2) of the Omnibus Treatment of Mental and Substance Abuse Disorders Act of 2005 (Report No. 3.32). Olympia, WA: Washington State Department of Social and Health Services.

McDonnell, M. G., Comtois, K. A., Voss, W. D., Morgan, A. G., & Ries, R. K. (2009). Global Appraisal of Individual Needs Short Screener (GSS): Psychometric properties and performance as a screening measure in adolescents. American Journal of Drug and Alcohol Abuse, 35(3), 157-160.

Self-administered or interviewer-administered questionnaire

None

Requirement Category	Required
Average time of greater than 15 minutes in an unaffected individual	No
Major equipment	No
Specialized requirements for biospecimen collection	No
Specialized training	No

This section will be completed when reviewed by an Expert Review Panel.