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Protocol - Dairy Food Intake (Daily Servings)

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Description

These questions from the Five-Factor Screener may be useful to assess an individual’s approximate intake of several foods. These particular questions address dairy product intake. No portion-size questions are asked. This screener does not attempt to assess total diet.

Specific Instructions

None

Availability

Available

Protocol

These questions are about the different kinds of foods you ate or drank during the PAST MONTH, that is, the past 30 days. When answering, please include meals and snacks eaten at home, at work or school, in restaurants, and anyplace else. *Read text if the respondent needs further clarification about the information requested.

1. During the past month . . . How often did you have MILK, either to drink or on cereal? Do NOT include small amounts of milk in coffee or tea. *Read if necessary: Do NOT include cream or soy milk. INCLUDE skim, no-fat, low-fat, whole milk, buttermilk, and lactose-free milk. Also INCLUDE chocolate or other flavored milks.

00 [ ] Never

01 [ ] 1-3 times last month

02 [ ] 1-2 times per week

03 [ ] 3-4 times per week

04 [ ] 5-6 times per week

05 [ ] 1 time per day

06 [ ] 2 times per day

07 [ ] 3 times per day

08 [ ] 4 times per day

09 [ ] 5 or more times per day

97 [ ] Refused

99 [ ] Don’t know

2. During the past month . . . How often did you eat any kind of CHEESE? Include cheese as a snack; cheese on burgers, sandwiches, or pizza; and cheese mixed into such foods as lasagna, enchiladas, or casseroles. *Read if necessary: Do NOT count cream cheese.

00 [ ] Never

01 [ ] 1-3 times last month

02 [ ] 1-2 times per week

03 [ ] 3-4 times per week

04 [ ] 5-6 times per week

05 [ ] 1 time per day

06 [ ] 2 times per day

07 [ ] 3 times per day

08 [ ] 4 times per day

09 [ ] 5 or more times per day

97 [ ] Refused

99 [ ] Don’t know

Scoring Procedures The following procedures are used to convert an individual’s responses to an estimate of that individual’s number of dairy servings: 1. The frequency reported categorically on the questionnaire is converted to the number of times dairy products were consumed per day, as shown in Table 1. In general, the midpoint of the frequency range was used.

Table 1. Conversion of Frequency Response to Times per Day

Frequency Response

Times per Day

Never

0

1-3 times per month

0.067

1-2 times per week

0.214

3-4 times per week

0.5

5-6 times per week

0.786

1 time per day

1

2 times per day

2

3 times per day

3

4 times per day

4

5 or more times per day

5

2. The age- and gender-specific portion sizes (Table 2) for each food are multiplied by the frequency calculated in Step 1.

Table 2. Median Portion Size in Pyramid Servings per Mention by Gender and Age for Dairy

Food Group

Age Group

18-27

28-37

38-47

48-57

58-67

68-77

78-99

Men

Milk (P1)

1.250500

1.083000

1.100400

1.000000

0.916667

0.833333

0.750000

Cheese (P2)

0.741000

0.641333

0.667000

0.600000

0.575000

0.499000

0.370000

Women

Milk (P1)

1.000000

1.000000

0.999000

0.874000

0.750000

0.718750

0.750000

Cheese (P2)

0.517000

0.470000

0.494000

0.494000

0.470000

0.379000

0.494000

3. Regression coefficients (Table 3) are applied according to the equation below.

Table 3. Estimated Regression Coefficients for Sum of Foods Predicting Servings of Dairy, by Gender

Parameter

Men

Women

Intercept (b0)

0.417414

0.385301

b1

0.831739

0.782852

E (Dairy1/2) = b0 + b1 (NFG1P1 + NFG2P2)1/2

For men: Square root of Daily Pyramid Servings of Dairy = 0.417414 + 0.831739 (Square root of (Daily Frequency * Gender/Age Specific Portion Size per Mention for Milk + Daily Frequency * Gender/Age Specific Portion Size per Mention for Cheese))

For women: Square root of Daily Pyramid Servings of Dairy = 0.385301 + 0.782852 (Square root of (Daily Frequency * Gender/Age Specific Portion Size per Mention for Milk + Daily Frequency * Gender/Age Specific Portion Size per Mention for Cheese))

Personnel and Training Required

The interviewer must be trained to conduct personal interviews with individuals from the general population. The interviewer must be trained and found to be competent (i.e., tested by an expert) at the completion of personal interviews. The interviewer should be trained to prompt respondents further if a "don’t know" response is provided. These questions can be administered using multiple modes (e.g., paper-and-pencil and computer-assisted interviews).

Equipment Needs

Although the source instrument was developed to be administered by computer, the PhenX Working Group acknowledges that these questions can be administered in a noncomputerized format (i.e., paper-and-pencil instrument). Computer software is necessary to develop computer-assisted instruments. The interviewer will require a laptop or handheld computer to administer a computer-assisted questionnaire.

Requirements
Requirement CategoryRequired
Major equipment No
Specialized training No
Specialized requirements for biospecimen collection No
Average time of greater than 15 minutes in an unaffected individual No
Mode of Administration

Interviewer-administered questionnaire

Lifestage

Adult, Senior

Participants

Ages 18 years or older

Selection Rationale

Vetted against several other dairy intake questions, these questions from the National Cancer Institute (NCI) Five-Factor Screener were selected because they are low burden and have been validated against the 24-hour dietary recall.

Language

Chinese, English, Spanish

Standards
StandardNameIDSource
Logical Observation Identifiers Names and Codes (LOINC) PhenX - dairy food protocol 62281-1 LOINC
Human Phenotype Ontology Abnormality of calcium homeostasis HP:0004364 HPO
caDSR Form PhenX PX050401 - Dairy Food Intake Daily Servings 5850473 caDSR Form
Derived Variables

None

Process and Review

The Expert Review Panel #1 reviewed the measures in the Anthropometrics, Diabetes, Physical Activity and Physical Fitness, and Nutrition and Dietary Supplements domains.

Guidance from the ERP includes:

• No significant changes to measure

Back-compatible: no changes to Data Dictionary

Previous version in Toolkit archive (link)

Protocol Name from Source

National Health Interview Survey (NHIS) Diet and Nutrition Questionnaire, 2005

Source

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Center for Health Statistics. (2005). National Health Interview Survey (NHIS): Diet and nutrition questionnaire. Questions NAC.020_00.00 (question 1) and NAC.138_00.00 (question 2).

National Cancer Institute. (2005). Five-factor screener: National Health Interview Survey (NHIS) diet and nutrition. NAC.010-NAC.138.

General References

National Cancer Institute. (2005). Five-factor screener: National Health Interview Survey (NHIS) validation results. Retrieved from https://www.phenxtoolkit.org/domains/view/50000#tab4content

Protocol ID

50401

Variables
Export Variables
Variable Name Variable IDVariable DescriptiondbGaP Mapping
PX050401_Cheese_Frequency
PX050401020000 During the past month... How often did you more
eat any kind of CHEESE? Include cheese as a snack, cheese on burgers, sandwiches, or pizza, and cheese mixed into such foods as lasagna, enchiladas or casseroles. *Read if necessary: Do NOT count cream chees show less
Variable Mapping
PX050401_Milk_Frequency
PX050401010000 During the past month... How often did you more
have MILK, either to drink or on cereal? Do NOT include small amounts of milk in coffee or tea. *Read if necessary: Do NOT include cream or soy milk. INCLUDE skim, no-fat, low-fat, whole milk, buttermilk, an show less
Variable Mapping
Nutrition and Dietary Supplements
Measure Name

Dairy Food Intake (Daily Servings)

Release Date

October 30, 2009

Definition

A measure to estimate an individual’s daily average intake of dairy products over the last 30 days as measured in cup equivalents of milk

Purpose

Dairy products are an essential part of an individual’s diet. Calcium-rich dairy products have many health benefits, including bone health.

Keywords

Nutrition and Dietary Supplements, calcium, vitamin, mineral, NHIS

Measure Protocols
Protocol ID Protocol Name
50401 Dairy Food Intake (Daily Servings)
Publications

Lv, N., et al. (2021) Problem-solving therapy–induced amygdala engagement mediates lifestyle behavior change in obesity with comorbid depression: a randomized proof-of-mechanism trial. American Journal of Clinical Nutrition. 2021 September; 114(6): 2060-2073. doi: 10.1093/ajcn/nqab280