Protocol - Expired Carbon Monoxide
Description
This protocol describes standard operating procedures for collecting carbon monoxide samples.
Specific Instructions
This protocol uses the Bedfont® Micro+™ Smokerlyzer; however, other similar devices may be used.
Availability
Protocol
Carbon Monoxide Collection: Standard Operating Procedure (SOP)
1. Make sure the participant is standing before beginning CO collection.
a. If the participant is unable to stand, have him or her sit up as straight as possible.
2. Turn on the Bedfont Micro+ Smokerlyzer by pressing and holding the on/off button, located on the top of the monitor.
3. While the monitor is loading, attach the D-piece to the monitor and attach a cardboard mouthpiece to the D-piece. Check that all of the connections are pushed firmly together.
a. The monitor will inform you when the D-piece should be changed (approximately every 4 weeks).
b. A new cardboard mouthpiece should be used each time.
4. The monitor is ready when the display is shown.
5. Explain the instructions to the participant.
a. Read: "When I tell you, I want you to take a deep breath, filling your lungs completely, and hold it for 15 seconds (demonstrate proper deep breath). The monitor will count down the time on the screen. Near the end of the 15 seconds when the monitor begins to beep, I will hand it to you. Please be sure that your hand is not pressing against the exhaust port on the back (show port). After the three beeps, I will tell you when to breathe out slowly and steadily into the monitor for at least 6 seconds. The idea is to empty your lungs. For the exhale, you want to form a tight seal with your lips around the cardboard mouthpiece (point to mouthpiece). When you are finished exhaling, please hand the monitor back to me. Any questions? Are you ready to begin?"
6. Once the participant is ready to begin, touch the on-screen icon of a person blowing into a monitor to start the breath test and ask the participant to take a deep breath and hold.
7. At the end of the countdown, hand the monitor to the participant and inform the participant when to exhale.
8. Make sure the participant follows the directions properly.
9. The monitor has shown the final reading when the number stops increasing and the icons are displayed on the screen.
10. Record the expired breath carbon monoxide reading.
11. Turn off the monitor by pressing and holding the on/off button.
12. Remove the D-piece from the monitor, remove and dispose of the cardboard mouthpiece, and put the monitor and D-piece back in the case.
Personnel and Training Required
Individual trained to use Bedfont® Micro+™ Smokerlyzer
Equipment Needs
Bedfont Micro+ Smokerlyzer, cardboard mouthpiece
This protocol uses the Bedfont® Micro+™ Smokerlyzer; however, other similar devices may be used.
Requirements
| Requirement Category | Required |
|---|---|
| Major equipment | Yes |
| Specialized training | No |
| Specialized requirements for biospecimen collection | Yes |
| Average time of greater than 15 minutes in an unaffected individual | No |
Mode of Administration
Bioassay
Lifestage
Adolescent, Adult
Participants
Expired CO assessment has been validated in both adolescent and adult research participants.
Selection Rationale
The measurement of exhaled carbon monoxide provides a noninvasive, simple way of determining smoking status.
Language
English
Standards
| Standard | Name | ID | Source |
|---|---|---|---|
| caDSR Form | PhenX PX720301 - Expired Carbon Monoxide | 6238483 | caDSR Form |
Derived Variables
None
Process and Review
Not applicable.
Protocol Name from Source
Sandberg, A, et al, Assessing recent smoking status by measuring exhaled carbon monoxide levels. PLOS ONE, 2011
Source
Sandberg, A., Sköld, C. M., Grunewald, J., Eklund, A., Wheelock, Å. M. (2011). Assessing recent smoking status by measuring exhaled carbon monoxide levels. PLoS ONE, 6(12), e28864. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0028864
General References
Cummings, S., & Richard, R. (1988). Optimum cutoff points for biochemical validation of smoking status. American Journal of Public Health, 78, 574-575.
Jarvis, M., Tunstall-Pedoe, H., Feyebabend, C., et al. (1987). Comparison of tests used to distinguish smokers from nonsmokers. American Journal of Public Health, 77, 1435-1438.
Protocol ID
720301
Variables
Export Variables| Variable Name | Variable ID | Variable Description | dbGaP Mapping | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| PX720301_Expired_Carbon_Monoxide_Concentration | ||||
| PX720301010000 | Expired carbon monoxide concentration in more | N/A | ||
Measure Name
Expired Carbon Monoxide
Release Date
February 20, 2015
Definition
Expired carbon monoxide biospecimens can be used to confirm current smoking status. The half-life of expired CO is 4 to 6 hours, so it is typically used to evaluate past 24-hour tobacco use.
Purpose
Tobacco smoke is a source of carbon monoxide. Measuring expired carbon monoxide allows researchers to confirm an individual’s smoking status.
Keywords
Expired Carbon Monoxide, Smoking biomarkers, biomarkers, carbon monoxide, smoking, smoking status
Measure Protocols
| Protocol ID | Protocol Name |
|---|---|
| 720301 | Expired Carbon Monoxide |
Publications
Garcia-Cazarin, M.L., Mandal, R.J., Grana, R., Wanke, K.L., Meissner, H. (2020) Host-agent-vector-environment measures for electronic cigarette research used in NIH grants. Tobacco Control. 2020 January; 29(1). doi: 10.1136/tobaccocontrol-2017-054032