Protocol - Neighborhood-level Racial/Ethnic Composition
Description
This protocol uses data from the U.S. Census Bureau on the racial/ethnic composition of a neighborhood, which can be calculated at the census-tract or block-group level. The relevant variables are available from the long form of the 2020 decennial Census.
Specific Instructions
Depending upon the focus of the study, the user can use tables downloaded from the U.S. Census website (https://data.census.gov/) to calculate the following variables:
- Percent White
- Percent Black or African American
- Percent American Indian and Alaska Native
- Percent Asian
- Percent Native Hawaiian and other Pacific Islander
- Percent some other race
Because people of every race can also be Hispanic/Latino ethnicity, the user can refine these variables (e.g., percent non-Hispanic White, percent Hispanic White, percent non-Hispanic Black, percent Hispanic Black, etc.)
Availability
Protocol
The technical documentation for the 2020 decennial Census is available online at https://www2.census.gov/programs-surveys/acs/summary_file/2020/data/
Data Table:
https://data.census.gov/table?q=P5&d=DEC%20Demographic%20and%20Housing%20Characteristics
SF1 refers to Summary File 1 (the short form of the U.S. Census collected on everyone and referred to as "100% data"). Information about race along or in combination with Hispanic/Latino ethnicity is in table P5. The user can select the appropriate geography level (e.g., census tract) by clicking "Geos" button from the menu. The user can create tables and maps, extract data, or consult technical documentation. Users not familiar with Census data should consult the technical materials available at the U.S. Census website: https://www2.census.gov/programs-surveys/acs/summary_file/2020/documentation/.
Personnel and Training Required
None
Equipment Needs
None
Requirements
| Requirement Category | Required |
|---|---|
| Major equipment | No |
| Specialized training | No |
| Specialized requirements for biospecimen collection | No |
| Average time of greater than 15 minutes in an unaffected individual | No |
Mode of Administration
Secondary Data Analysis
Lifestage
Infant, Toddler, Child, Adolescent, Adult, Senior, Pregnancy
Participants
Not applicable: derived from publicly available secondary data.
Selection Rationale
This protocol uses data from the U.S. Census Bureau on the racial/ethnic composition of a neighborhood, which can be calculated at the census tract or block-group level. The relevant variables are available from the long form of the 2020 decennial Census.
Language
English
Standards
| Standard | Name | ID | Source |
|---|
Derived Variables
None
Process and Review
The Tobacco Regulatory Research (TRR) Content Expert Panel (CEP) reviewed the measures in the Tobacco Regulatory Research collection in February 2024.
Guidance from the TRR CEP includes:
• Updated protocol
Previous version in Toolkit archive (link)
Protocol Name from Source
U.S. Census Bureau, Census 2020
Source
U.S. Census Bureau decennial Census (2020).
U.S. Census Bureau. Decennial Census 2020, Table P5. Available from https://data.census.gov/
General References
Asumda, F., & Jordan, L. (2009). Minority youth access to tobacco: a neighborhood analysis of underage tobacco sales. Health and Place, 15(1):140-147. doi:10.1016/j.healthplace.2008.03.006
Borrell, L. N., Kiefe, C. I., Diez-Roux, A. V., Williams, D. R., & Gordon-Larsen, P. (2013). Racial discrimination, racial/ethnic segregation, and health behaviors in the CARDIA study. Ethnicity and Health, 18(3), 227-243. doi:10.1080/13557858.2012.713092
Glasser AM, Onnen N, Craigmile PF, Schwartz E, Roberts ME. (2022). Associations between disparities in tobacco retailer density and disparities in tobacco use. Prev Med. Jan;154:106910. doi: 10.1016/j.ypmed.2021.106910.
Gonzalez, M., Sanders-Jackson, A., Song, A. V., Cheng, K. W., & Glantz, S. A. (2013). Strong smoke-free law coverage in the United States by race/ethnicity: 2000-2009. American Journal of Public Health, 103(5), e62-66. doi:10.2105/AJPH.2012.301045
Jenkins C, Schwartz E, Onnen N, Craigmile PF, Roberts ME. Variations in Tobacco Retailer Type Across Community Characteristics: Place Matters. (2022). Prev Chronic Dis. Aug 11;19:E49. doi: 10.5888/pcd19.210454.
Siahpush, M., Jones, P. R., Singh, G. K., Timsina, L. R., & Martin, J. (2010). Association of availability of tobacco products with socio-economic and racial/ethnic characteristics of neighbourhoods. Public Health, 124(9), 525-529. doi:10.1016/j.puhe.2010.04.010
Widome, R., Brock, B., Klein, E.. G., & Forster, J. L. (2012). Smokeless tobacco advertising at the point of sale: Prevalence, placement, and demographic correlates. Nicotine and Tobacco Research, 14(2), 217-223. doi:10.1093/ntr/ntr188
Widome, R., Brock, B., Noble, P., & Forster, J. L. (2013). The relationship of neighborhood demographic characteristics to point-of-sale tobacco advertising and marketing. Ethnicity and Health, 18(2), 136-151. doi:10.1080/13557858.2012.701273
Protocol ID
750802
Variables
Export Variables| Variable Name | Variable ID | Variable Description | dbGaP Mapping |
|---|
Measure Name
Neighborhood-level Racial/Ethnic Composition
Release Date
May 3, 2024
Definition
This measure uses readily available secondary data from the U.S. Census Bureau to determine the racial/ethnic composition at the neighborhood level.
Purpose
This measure examines various population characteristics, including the percentage of individuals within a certain group that are foreign born and the percentage of individuals who speak another language, to determine the racial/ethnic composition at the neighborhood level.
Keywords
neighborhood, racial, race, ethnic, ethnicity, U.S. Census, census, census tract
Measure Protocols
| Protocol ID | Protocol Name |
|---|---|
| 750802 | Neighborhood-level Racial/Ethnic Composition |
Publications
There are no publications listed for this protocol.