Loading…

Protocol - Peer and Family Influence on Smoking

Add to My Toolkit
Description

The Pierce 5-item National Cancer Institute (NCI) measure consists of 5 questions about peer and family smoking. The indices are scored dichotomously as "no exposure" versus "exposure." No exposure to family smoking: "No" on both family items (items 1 and 3). No exposure to friend smoking: "00" on both friend items (items 4 and 5).

Specific Instructions

Although it has not been used with people over age 22, to date, scientists may consider using this measure with participants up to age 26 as the most recent Surgeon General’s Report on young adult smokers, published in 2012, indicates that smoking initiation continues up to age 26.

Availability

Available

Protocol

1. Do any of your parents, step-parents, or guardians now smoke cigarettes?

1[ ]YES

2[ ]NO

-7[ ]REFUSED

-8[ ]DON’T KNOW

2. Do you have any older brothers or sisters?

1[ ]YES

2[ ]NO

-7[ ]REFUSED

-8[ ]DON’T KNOW

3. Do your older brothers or sisters smoke cigarettes?

1[ ]YES

2[ ]NO

-7[ ]REFUSED

-8[ ]DON’T KNOW

4. Of your best friends who are male, how many of them smoke?

NUMBER |_|_|

[ ] NO MALE FRIENDS

-7[ ]REFUSED

-8[ ]DON’T KNOW

5. Of your best friends who are female, how many of them smoke?

NUMBER |_|_|

[ ] NO FEMALE FRIENDS

-7[ ]REFUSED

-8[ ]DON’T KNOW

Personnel and Training Required

None

Equipment Needs

None

Requirements
Requirement CategoryRequired
Major equipment No
Specialized training No
Specialized requirements for biospecimen collection No
Average time of greater than 15 minutes in an unaffected individual No
Mode of Administration

Self-administered or interviewer-administered questionnaire

Lifestage

Adolescent, Adult

Participants

Adolescents ages 12-17 and young adults ages 18-22.

Selection Rationale

The Pierce 5-item measure focuses on exposure to family and social network tobacco use and can be applied to teens and young adults. It is recommend by the National Cancer Institute (NCI) Measures Guide on Youth Tobacco Use.

The Working Group recommends that these items can be applied to other tobacco use (e‑cigarette, hookah), although the measure has only been validated using cigarettes. Therefore, caution should be taken when applying it to other tobacco products.

It should also be noted that "best friend" networks have changed and the use of hookah, e‑cigarettes, and cigars are often done in bars or lounges with groups. For example, social media, technology, and social environments (like hookah lounges) may have changed how young people define "best friends." Although this has not been studied extensively, young people who consider their social media friends as best friends may indicate that they have large numbers of people in their best friend network, increasing the density of that network. Therefore, when asked the question, "How many of your best friends who are male smoke e-cigarettes?" they may be responding to this question based on social media friends. In addition, they may also be responding based on the friends that they meet with on a regular basis to smoke hookah in lounges.

Language

English

Standards
StandardNameIDSource
caDSR Form PhenX PX710901 - Peer And Family Influence On Smoking 6237954 caDSR Form
Derived Variables

None

Process and Review

Not applicable.

Protocol Name from Source

The Pierce 5-item National Cancer Institute (NCI) measure for Youth Tobacco Research

Source

National Cancer Institute (NCI). (1998). NCI Measures Guide for Youth Tobacco

Research-Peer and Family Smoking. cancercontrol.cancer.gov/brp/tcrb/guide_measures.html

General References

Pierce, J. P., Choi, W. S., Gilpin, E. A., Farkas, A. J., & Berry, C. C. (1998).Tobacco industry promotion of cigarettes and adolescent smoking. Journal of the American Medical Association, 279, 511-515.

Pierce, J. P., Distefan, J. M., Jackson, C., White, M. M., &Gilpin, E. A. (2002). Does tobacco marketing undermine the influence of recommended parenting in discouraging adolescents from smoking? American Journal of Preventive Medicine, 23, 73-81.

Protocol ID

710901

Variables
Export Variables
Variable Name Variable IDVariable DescriptiondbGaP Mapping
PX710901_Influence_Friends_Female_Smoke
PX710901050000 Of your best friends who are female, how more
many of them smoke? Number? show less
N/A
PX710901_Influence_Friends_Male_Smoke
PX710901040000 Of your best friends who are male, how many more
of them smoke? Number? show less
N/A
PX710901_Influence_Have_Older_Siblings
PX710901020000 Do you have any older brothers or sisters? N/A
PX710901_Influence_Older_Siblings_Smoke
PX710901030000 Do your older brothers or sisters smoke more
cigarettes? show less
N/A
PX710901_Influence_Parents_Guardians_Smoke
PX710901010000 Do any of your parents, step-parents, or more
guardians now smoke cigarettes? show less
N/A
Tobacco Regulatory Research - Host: Social/Cognitive
Measure Name

Peer and Family Influence on Smoking

Release Date

February 20, 2015

Definition

This measure assesses the adolescent’s assessment of the use of cigarettes by parents and siblings and perception (not actual use) of the number of friends who use tobacco in their best-friend social network. This measure focuses on exposure of the adolescents to smoking in their immediate social networks.

Purpose

This specific index was developed to assess the smoking status of immediate family members and best friends.

Keywords

peer influence, smoking influence, parental influence, smoking exposure

Measure Protocols
Protocol ID Protocol Name
710901 Peer and Family Influence on Smoking
Publications

Garcia-Cazarin, M.L., Mandal, R.J., Grana, R., Wanke, K.L., Meissner, H. (2020) Host-agent-vector-environment measures for electronic cigarette research used in NIH grants. Tobacco Control. 2020 January; 29(1). doi: 10.1136/tobaccocontrol-2017-054032