Protocol - Classification of Suicidal Ideation and Suicidal Behavior - Adult - Current
- Intensity of Suicidal Ideation (Continuum) - Adolescent
- Intensity of Suicidal Ideation (Continuum) - Adult
- Lethality of Suicide Attempts
- Non-suicidal Self Injury
- Suicidal Intent of Suicide Attempts
Description
This protocol includes two subscales from the Screening version of the Columbia-Suicide Severity Rating Scale © (C-SSRS): Severity of Suicidal Ideation and Suicidal Behavior. Both subscales provide definitions of suicidal ideation and behavior and corresponding probes. The severity of ideation subscale is rated on a 5-point ordinal scale: 1 = wish to be dead, 2 = nonspecific active suicidal thoughts, 3 = suicidal thoughts with methods, 4 = suicidal intent, and 5 = suicidal intent with plan. The suicidal behavior subscale is rated on a nominal scale that includes actual, aborted, and interrupted attempts; preparatory behavior; and nonsuicidal, self-injurious behavior.
The Current version of the C-SSRS assesses suicidality during a two time periods-ideation in the past month and suicidal behavior in the past 3 months. This version is meant to assess patient eligibility based on study-defined suicidality inclusion/exclusion criteria or assess current severity of suicidal ideation and behavior.
Specific Instructions
This protocol includes questions that can potentially identify respondents who are at risk of suicide. Investigators implementing this protocol should consider developing a risk management plan specific to their study to ensure the safety of participants. The following links provide additional information and guidelines for suicide-related research:
ora.research.ucla.edu/OHRPP/Documents/Policy/8/Risk_of_Suicide.pdf
Availability
Protocol
SUICIDAL IDEATION | ||
Ask questions 1 and 2. If both are negative, proceed to "Suicidal Behavior" section. If the answer to question 2 is "yes," ask questions 3, 4, and 5. If the answer to question 1 and/or 2 is "yes," complete "Intensity of Ideation" section below.
| Past 1 month | |
1. Wish to be Dead Subject endorses thoughts about a wish to be dead or not alive anymore, or wish to fall asleep and not wake up. Have you wished you were dead or wished you could go to sleep and not wake up? If yes, describe:
| Yes No □ □ | |
2. Non-Specific Active Suicidal Thoughts General, non-specific thoughts of wanting to end one’s life/commit suicide (e.g., "I’ve thought about killing myself") without thoughts of ways to kill oneself/associated methods, intent, or plan. Have you actually had any thoughts of killing yourself?
If yes, describe: | Yes No □ □ | |
3. Active Suicidal Ideation with Any Methods (Not Plan) without Intent to Act Subject endorses thoughts of suicide and has thought of at least one method during the assessment period. This is different than a specific plan with time, place or method details worked out (e.g., thought of method to kill self but not a specific plan). Includes person who would say, "I thought about taking an overdose but I never made a specific plan as to when, where or how I would actually do it…and I would never go through with it."
Have you been thinking about how you might do this?
If yes, describe: | Yes No □ □ | |
4. Active Suicidal Ideation with Some Intent to Act, without Specific Plan Active suicidal thoughts of killing oneself and subject reports having some intent to act on such thoughts, as opposed to "I have the thoughts but I definitely will not do anything about them."
Have you had these thoughts and had some intention of acting on them?
If yes, describe: | Yes No □ □ | |
5. Active Suicidal Ideation with Specific Plan and Intent Thoughts of killing oneself with details of plan fully or partially worked out and subject has some intent to carry it out. Have you started to work out or worked out the details of how to kill yourself? Do you intend to carry out this plan?
If yes, describe: | Yes No □ □ |
SUICIDAL BEHAVIOR (Check all that apply, so long as these are separate events; must ask about all types) |
Past 3 months | ||
Actual Attempt: A potentially self-injurious act committed with at least some wish to die, as a result of act. Behavior was in part thought of as method to kill oneself. Intent does not have to be 100%. If there is any intent/desire to die associated with the act, then it can be considered an actual suicide attempt. There does not have to be any injury or harm, just the potential for injury or harm. If person pulls trigger while gun is in mouth but gun is broken so no injury results, this is considered an attempt. Inferring Intent: Even if an individual denies intent/wish to die, it may be inferred clinically from the behavior or circumstances. For example, a highly lethal act that is clearly not an accident so no other intent but suicide can be inferred (e.g., gunshot to head, jumping from window of a high floor/story). Also, if someone denies intent to die, but they thought that what they did could be lethal, intent may be inferred. Have you made a suicide attempt? Have you done anything to harm yourself? Have you done anything dangerous where you could have died? What did you do? Did you______ as a way to end your life? Did you want to die (even a little) when you_____? Were you trying to end your life when you _____? Or did you think it was possible you could have died from_____? Or did you do it purely for other reasons/without ANY intention of killing yourself (like to relieve stress, feel better, get sympathy, or get something else to happen)? (Self-Injurious Behavior without suicidal intent)
If yes, describe: | Yes No □ □ | ||
Total # of Attempts ______
| |||
Has subject engaged in Non-Suicidal Self-Injurious Behavior? | Yes No □ □ | ||
Interrupted Attempt: When the person is interrupted (by an outside circumstance) from starting the potentially self-injurious act (if not for that, actual attempt would have occurred). Overdose: Person has pills in hand but is stopped from ingesting. Once they ingest any pills, this becomes an attempt rather than an interrupted attempt. Shooting: Person has gun pointed toward self, gun is taken away by someone else, or is somehow prevented from pulling trigger. Once they pull the trigger, even if the gun fails to fire, it is an attempt. Jumping: Person is poised to jump, is grabbed and taken down from ledge. Hanging: Person has noose around neck but has not yet started to hang-is stopped from doing so. Has there been a time when you started to do something to end your life but someone or something stopped you before you actually did anything?
If yes, describe: | Yes No □ □ | Total # of interrupted ______
| |
Aborted Attempt: When person begins to take steps toward making a suicide attempt, but stops themselves before they actually have engaged in any self-destructive behavior. Examples are similar to interrupted attempts, except that the individual stops him/herself, instead of being stopped by something else. Has there been a time when you started to do something to try to end your life but you stopped yourself before you actually did anything?
If yes, describe: | Yes No □ □ | ||
Total # of aborted ______ | |||
Preparatory Acts or Behavior: Acts or preparation towards imminently making a suicide attempt. This can include anything beyond a verbalization or thought, such as assembling a specific method (e.g., buying pills, purchasing a gun) or preparing for one’s death by suicide (e.g., giving things away, writing a suicide note). Have you taken any steps towards making a suicide attempt or preparing to kill yourself (such as collecting pills, getting a gun, giving valuables away or writing a suicide note)?
If yes, describe: | Yes No □ □ | ||
Suicidal Behavior: Suicidal behavior was present during the assessment period? | Yes No □ □ |
© 2008 Research Foundation for Mental Hygiene, Inc.
Scoring:
Columbia-Suicide Severity Rating Scale Scoring and Data Analysis Guide
Personnel and Training Required
This scale is intended to be used by individuals who have received training in its administration. The questions contained in the Columbia-Suicide Severity Rating Scale are suggested probes. Ultimately, the determination of the presence of suicidal ideation or behavior depends on the judgment of the individual administering the scale.
For inquiries and training requirements, please contact posnerk@nyspi.columbia.edu
Equipment Needs
The PhenX Working Group acknowledges these questions can be administered in a computerized or noncomputerized format (i.e., paper-and-pencil instrument). Computer software is necessary to develop computer-assisted instruments. The interviewer will require a laptop computer/handheld computer to administer a computer-assisted questionnaire.
Requirements
Requirement Category | Required |
---|---|
Major equipment | No |
Specialized training | No |
Specialized requirements for biospecimen collection | No |
Average time of greater than 15 minutes in an unaffected individual | No |
Mode of Administration
Interviewer-administered questionnaire
Lifestage
Adult
Participants
Adults, ages 18 and older
Selection Rationale
The Columbia-Suicide Severity Rating Scale © (C-SSRS) is widely used in clinical trials, is low burden to participants and researchers, is not proprietary for non-industry-sponsored research, and has training materials available. Additionally, the C-SSRS corresponds to definitions for suicidal ideation and suicidal behavior endorsed by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (Crosby et al., 2011) and the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA -Guidance for Industry Suicidal Ideation and Behavior: Prospective Assessment of Occurrence in Clinical Trials Office of Communications, Division of Drug Information Center for Drug Evaluation and Research Food and Drug Administration, 2012).
Language
English, Other languages available at source
Standards
Standard | Name | ID | Source |
---|---|---|---|
Human Phenotype Ontology | Suicidal Ideation | HP:0031594 | HPO |
caDSR Form | PhenX PX640105 - Classification of Suicidal Ideation and Suicidal Behavior Adult Current | 6232238 | caDSR Form |
Derived Variables
None
Process and Review
Not applicable.
Protocol Name from Source
The Columbia-Suicide Severity Rating Scale (C-SSRS)©
Source
The Columbia-Suicide Severity Rating Scale (C-SSRS) is copyrighted by the Research Foundation for Mental Hygiene, Inc.
For reprints of the C-SSRS contact:
Kelly Posner, PhD
New York State Psychiatric Institute
1051 Riverside Drive
New York City, NY 10032
General References
Crosby, A. E., Ortega, L., & Melanson, C. (2011). Self-directed violence surveillance: Uniform definitions and recommended data elements, Version 1.0. Atlanta, GA: Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Center for Injury Prevention and Control.
Center for Drug Evaluation and Research (CDER). (2012). Guidance for industry suicidal ideation and behavior: Prospective assessment of occurrence in clinical trials. Rockville, MD: U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, U.S. Food and Drug Administration.
Mundt, J. C., Greist, J. H., Jefferson, J. W., Federico, M., Mann, J. J., & Posner K. (2013). Prediction of suicidal behavior in clinical research by lifetime suicidal ideation and behavior ascertained by the electronic Columbia-Suicide Severity Rating Scale. Journal of Clinical Psychiatry, 74(9), 887-893.
Posner, K., Brown, G. K., Stanley, B., Brent, D. A., Yershova, K. V., Oquendo, M. A., Currier, G. W., Melvin, G., Greenhill, L., Shen, S., & Mann, J. J. (2011). The Columbia-Suicide Severity Rating Scale: Initial validity and internal consistency findings from three multisite studies with adolescents and adults. American Journal of Psychiatry, 168(12), 1266-1277.
Protocol ID
640105
Variables
Export VariablesVariable Name | Variable ID | Variable Description | dbGaP Mapping | |
---|---|---|---|---|
PX640105_NonSuicidal_SelfInjurious_Behavior_PastThreeMonths | ||||
PX640105140000 | Has subject engaged in Non-Suicidal more | N/A | ||
PX640105_SuicidalIdeation_WithIntent_WithoutPlan_PastOneMonth | ||||
PX640105070000 | Active suicidal thoughts of killing oneself more | N/A | ||
PX640105_SuicidalIdeation_WithIntent_WithoutPlan_PastOneMonth_Describe | ||||
PX640105080000 | Active suicidal thoughts of killing oneself more | N/A | ||
PX640105_SuicidalIdeation_WithIntent_WithPlan_PastOneMonth | ||||
PX640105090000 | Thoughts of killing oneself with details of more | N/A | ||
PX640105_SuicidalIdeation_WithIntent_WithPlan_PastOneMonth_Describe | ||||
PX640105100000 | Thoughts of killing oneself with details of more | N/A | ||
PX640105_SuicidalIdeation_WithMethods_WithoutIntent_PastOneMonth | ||||
PX640105050000 | Subject endorses thoughts of suicide and has more | N/A | ||
PX640105_SuicidalIdeation_WithMethods_WithoutIntent_PastOneMonth_Describe | ||||
PX640105060000 | Subject endorses thoughts of suicide and has more | N/A | ||
PX640105_SuicidalThoughts_Nonspecific_Active_PastOneMonth | ||||
PX640105030000 | General, non-specific thoughts of wanting to more | N/A | ||
PX640105_SuicidalThoughts_Nonspecific_Active_PastOneMonth_Describe | ||||
PX640105040000 | General, non-specific thoughts of wanting to more | N/A | ||
PX640105_Suicidal_Behavior_Present_Assessment_Period | ||||
PX640105230000 | Suicidal behavior was present during the more | N/A | ||
PX640105_Suicide_Aborted_Attempt_PastThreeMonths | ||||
PX640105180000 | When person begins to take steps toward more | N/A | ||
PX640105_Suicide_Aborted_Attempt_PastThreeMonths_Describe | ||||
PX640105190000 | When person begins to take steps toward more | N/A | ||
PX640105_Suicide_Aborted_Attempt_TotalNumber_PastThreeMonths | ||||
PX640105200000 | Total number of aborted | N/A | ||
PX640105_Suicide_Actual_Attempt_PastThreeMonths | ||||
PX640105110000 | A potentially self-injurious act committed more | N/A | ||
PX640105_Suicide_Actual_Attempt_PastThreeMonths_Description | ||||
PX640105120000 | A potentially self-injurious act committed more | N/A | ||
PX640105_Suicide_Actual_Attempt_TotalNumber_PastThreeMonths | ||||
PX640105130000 | Total number of attempts | N/A | ||
PX640105_Suicide_Interrupted_Attempt_PastThreeMonths | ||||
PX640105150000 | When the person is interrupted (by an more | N/A | ||
PX640105_Suicide_Interrupted_Attempt_PastThreeMonths_Describe | ||||
PX640105160000 | When the person is interrupted (by an more | N/A | ||
PX640105_Suicide_Interrupted_Attempt_TotalNumber_PastThreeMonths | ||||
PX640105170000 | Total number of interrupted | N/A | ||
PX640105_Suicide_Preparatory_Acts_Behavior_Lifetime | ||||
PX640105210000 | Acts or preparation towards imminently more | N/A | ||
PX640105_Suicide_Preparatory_Acts_Behavior_Lifetime_Describe | ||||
PX640105220000 | Acts or preparation towards imminently more | N/A | ||
PX640105_Wish_ToBe_Dead_PastOneMonth | ||||
PX640105010000 | Subject endorses thoughts about a wish to be more | N/A | ||
PX640105_Wish_ToBe_Dead_PastOneMonth_Describe | ||||
PX640105020000 | Subject endorses thoughts about a wish to be more | N/A |
Measure Name
Classification of Suicidal Ideation and Suicidal Behavior
Release Date
November 21, 2014
Definition
A questionnaire to assess suicidal ideation and suicidal behavior over a range of time frames.
Purpose
Suicidal ideation and suicidal behavior can indicate an increased risk of suicide attempts and death by suicide. This measure can be used to determine levels of suicide risk and aid in making clinical decisions about care. In contrast to the PhenX measure Intensity of Suicidal Ideation (Continuum), which considers suicidal ideation existing as a continuous scale within a single construct, this measure distinguishes and classifies suicidal ideation and behavior, separately.
Keywords
suicide, suicidal ideation, Suicide behavior, Columbia-Suicide Severity Rating Scale, C-SSRS, World Mental Health Composite International Diagnostic Interview, WMH CIDI
Measure Protocols
Protocol ID | Protocol Name |
---|---|
640101 | Classification of Suicidal Ideation and Suicidal Behavior - Adolescent - Current |
640102 | Classification of Suicidal Ideation and Suicidal Behavior - Adolescent - Lifetime |
640103 | Classification of Suicidal Ideation and Suicidal Behavior - Adolescent - Since Last Visit |
640104 | Classification of Suicidal Ideation and Suicidal Behavior - Adolescent - Epidemiology |
640105 | Classification of Suicidal Ideation and Suicidal Behavior - Adult - Current |
640106 | Classification of Suicidal Ideation and Suicidal Behavior - Adult - Lifetime |
640107 | Classification of Suicidal Ideation and Suicidal Behavior - Adult - Since Last Visit |
640108 | Classification of Suicidal Ideation and Suicidal Behavior - Adult - Epidemiology |
Publications
Callaway, C. A., et al. (2023) The Transdiagnostic Intervention for Sleep and Circadian Dysfunction (TranS-C) for serious mental illness in community mental health part 2: study protocol for a hybrid type 2 effectiveness-implementation cluster-randomized trial using train-the-trainer. Research Square. 2023 August; doi: 10.21203/rs.3.rs-2943787/v1
Sarfan, L. D., et al. (2023) The Transdiagnostic Intervention for Sleep and Circadian Dysfunction (TranS-C) for serious mental illness in community mental health part 1: study protocol for a hybrid type 2 effectiveness-implementation cluster-randomized trial. Trials. 2023 March; 24(1): 198. doi: 10.1186/s13063-023-07148-9
Armey, M. F., et al. (2020) Ecologically assessed affect and suicidal ideation following psychiatric inpatient hospitalization. General Hospital Psychiatry. 2020 March; 63: 89-96. doi: 10.1016/j.genhosppsych.2018.09.008
Goodman, M., et al. (2020) Group (?Project Life Force?) versus individual suicide safety planning: A randomized clinical trial. Contemporary Clinical Trials Communications. 2020 January; 17: 100520. doi: 10.1016/j.conctc.2020.100520
Bryan, C. J., et al. (2019) The PRImary care Screening Methods (PRISM) study: Rationale and design considerations. Contemporary Clinical Trials. 2019 September; 84: 105823. doi: 10.1016/j.cct.2019.105823