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Protocol - Classification of Suicidal Ideation and Suicidal Behavior - Adult - Since Last Visit

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Description

This protocol includes two subscales from the Since Last Visit from the Adult version of the Columbia-Suicide Severity Rating Scale © (C-SSRS): Severity of Suicidal Ideation and Suicidal Behavior. Both subscales provide definitions of suicidal ideation and behavior and corresponding probes. The severity of ideation subscale is rated on a 5-point ordinal scale: 1 = wish to be dead, 2 = nonspecific active suicidal thoughts, 3 = suicidal thoughts with methods, 4 = suicidal intent, and 5 = suicidal intent with plan. The suicidal behavior subscale is rated on a nominal scale that includes actual, aborted, and interrupted attempts; preparatory behavior; and nonsuicidal self-injurious behavior.

The Since Last Visit version of the scale assesses suicidality since the patient’s last visit. This version is meant to assess patients who have completed at least one initial C-SSRS assessment, and should be used in subsequent visits.

Specific Instructions

This protocol includes questions that can potentially identify respondents who are at risk of suicide. Investigators implementing this protocol should consider developing a risk management plan specific to their study to ensure the safety of participants. The following links provide additional information and guidelines for suicide-related research:

ora.research.ucla.edu/OHRPP/Documents/Policy/8/Risk_of_Suicide.pdf

www.nimh.nih.gov/health/topics/suicide-prevention/issues-to-consider-in-intervention-research-with-persons-at-high-risk-for-suicidality.shtml

Availability

Available

Protocol

SUICIDAL IDEATION

Ask questions 1 and 2. If both are negative, proceed to "Suicidal Behavior" section. If the answer to question 2 is "yes," ask questions 3, 4, and 5. If the answer to question 1 and/or 2 is "yes," complete "Intensity of Ideation" section below.

Since Last Visit

1. Wish to be Dead

Subject endorses thoughts about a wish to be dead or not alive anymore, or wish to fall asleep and not wake up.

Have you wished you were dead or wished you could go to sleep and not wake up?

If yes, describe:

Yes   No

□   □

2. Non-Specific Active Suicidal Thoughts

General, non-specific thoughts of wanting to end one’s life/commit suicide (e.g., "I’ve thought about killing myself") without thoughts of ways to kill oneself/associated methods, intent, or plan.

Have you actually had any thoughts of killing yourself?

If yes, describe:

Yes   No

□   □

3. Active Suicidal Ideation with Any Methods (Not Plan) without Intent to Act

Subject endorses thoughts of suicide and has thought of at least one method during the assessment period. This is different than a specific plan with time, place or method details worked out (e.g., thought of method to kill self but not a specific plan). Includes person who would say, "I thought about taking an overdose but I never made a specific plan as to when, where or how I would actually do it…and I would never go through with it."

Have you been thinking about how you might do this?

If yes, describe:

Yes   No

□   □

4. Active Suicidal Ideation with Some Intent to Act, without Specific Plan

Active suicidal thoughts of killing oneself and subject reports having some intent to act on such thoughts, as opposed to "I have the thoughts but I definitely will not do anything about them."

Have you had these thoughts and had some intention of acting on them?

If yes, describe:

Yes   No

□   □

5. Active Suicidal Ideation with Specific Plan and Intent

Thoughts of killing oneself with details of plan fully or partially worked out and subject has some intent to carry it out.

Have you started to work out or worked out the details of how to kill yourself? Do you intend to carry out this plan?

If yes, describe:

Yes   No

□   □

SUICIDAL BEHAVIOR

(Check all that apply, so long as these are separate events; must ask about all types)

Since Last Visit

Actual Attempt:

A potentially self-injurious act committed with at least some wish to die, as a result of act. Behavior was in part thought of as method to kill oneself. Intent does not have to be 100%. If there is any intent/desire to die associated with the act, then it can be considered an actual suicide attempt. There does not have to be any injury or harm, just the potential for injury or harm. If person pulls trigger while gun is in mouth but gun is broken so no injury results, this is considered an attempt.

Inferring Intent: Even if an individual denies intent/wish to die, it may be inferred clinically from the behavior or circumstances. For example, a highly lethal act that is clearly not an accident so no other intent but suicide can be inferred (e.g., gunshot to head, jumping from window of a high floor/story). Also, if someone denies intent to die, but they thought that what they did could be lethal, intent may be inferred.

Have you made a suicide attempt?

Have you done anything to harm yourself?

Have you done anything dangerous where you could have died?

What did you do?

Did you______ as a way to end your life?

Did you want to die (even a little) when you_____?

Were you trying to end your life when you _____?

Or did you think it was possible you could have died from_____?

Or did you do it purely for other reasons/without ANY intention of killing yourself (like to relieve stress, feel better, get sympathy, or get something else to happen)? (Self-Injurious Behavior without suicidal intent)

If yes, describe:

Yes   No

□   □

Total # of Attempts

______

Has subject engaged in Non-Suicidal Self-Injurious Behavior?

Yes   No

□   □

Interrupted Attempt:

When the person is interrupted (by an outside circumstance) from starting the potentially self-injurious act (if not for that, actual attempt would have occurred).

Overdose: Person has pills in hand but is stopped from ingesting. Once they ingest any pills, this becomes an attempt rather than an interrupted attempt. Shooting: Person has gun pointed toward self, gun is taken away by someone else, or is somehow prevented from pulling trigger. Once they pull the trigger, even if the gun fails to fire, it is an attempt. Jumping: Person is poised to jump, is grabbed and taken down from ledge. Hanging: Person has noose around neck but has not yet started to hang-is stopped from doing so.

Has there been a time when you started to do something to end your life but someone or something stopped you before you actually did anything?

If yes, describe:

Yes   No

□   □

Total # of interrupted

______

Aborted Attempt:

When person begins to take steps toward making a suicide attempt, but stops themselves before they actually have engaged in any self-destructive behavior. Examples are similar to interrupted attempts, except that the individual stops him/herself, instead of being stopped by something else.

Has there been a time when you started to do something to try to end your life but you stopped yourself before you actually did anything?

If yes, describe:

Yes   No

□   □

Total # of aborted

______

Preparatory Acts or Behavior:

Acts or preparation towards imminently making a suicide attempt. This can include anything beyond a verbalization or thought, such as assembling a specific method (e.g., buying pills, purchasing a gun) or preparing for one’s death by suicide (e.g., giving things away, writing a suicide note).

Have you taken any steps towards making a suicide attempt or preparing to kill yourself (such as collecting pills, getting a gun, giving valuables away or writing a suicide note)?

If yes, describe:

Yes   No

□   □

Suicidal Behavior:

Suicidal behavior was present during the assessment period?

Yes   No

□   □

© 2008 Research Foundation for Mental Hygiene, Inc.

Scoring:

Columbia-Suicide Severity Rating Scale Scoring and Data Analysis Guide

Personnel and Training Required

This scale is intended to be used by individuals who have received training in its administration. The questions contained in the Columbia-Suicide Severity Rating Scale are suggested probes. Ultimately, the determination of the presence of suicidal ideation or behavior depends on the judgment of the individual administering the scale.

For inquiries and training requirements, please contact posnerk@nyspi.columbia.edu.

Equipment Needs

The PhenX Working Group acknowledges these questions can be administered in a computerized or noncomputerized format (i.e., paper-and-pencil instrument). Computer software is necessary to develop computer-assisted instruments. The interviewer will require a laptop computer/handheld computer to administer a computer-assisted questionnaire.

Requirements
Requirement CategoryRequired
Major equipment No
Specialized training No
Specialized requirements for biospecimen collection No
Average time of greater than 15 minutes in an unaffected individual No
Mode of Administration

Interviewer-administered questionnaire

Lifestage

Adult

Participants

Adults, ages 18 and older

Selection Rationale

The Columbia-Suicide Severity Rating Scale (C-SSRS) is widely used in clinical trials, is low burden to participants and researchers, is not proprietary for non-industry-sponsored research, and has training materials available. Additionally, the C-SSRS corresponds to definitions for suicidal ideation and suicidal behavior endorsed by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (Crosby et al., 2011) and the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA -Guidance for Industry Suicidal Ideation and Behavior: Prospective Assessment of Occurrence in Clinical Trials Office of Communications, Division of Drug Information Center for Drug Evaluation and Research Food and Drug Administration, 2012).

Language

English, Other languages available at source

Standards
StandardNameIDSource
Human Phenotype Ontology Suicidal Ideation HP:0031596 HPO
caDSR Form PhenX PX640107 - Classif Of Suicidal Ideation And Beh Adult Since L 6232401 caDSR Form
Derived Variables

None

Process and Review

Not applicable.

Protocol Name from Source

The Columbia-Suicide Severity Rating Scale (C-SSRS)©

Source

The Columbia-Suicide Severity Rating Scale (C-SSRS) is copyrighted by the Research Foundation for Mental Hygiene, Inc.

For reprints of the C-SSRS contact:

Kelly Posner, PhD

New York State Psychiatric Institute

1051 Riverside Drive

New York City, NY 10032

General References

Center for Drug Evaluation and Research (CDER). (2012). Guidance for industry suicidal ideation and behavior: Prospective assessment of occurrence in clinical trials. Rockville, MD: U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, U.S. Food and Drug Administration.

Crosby, A. E., Ortega, L., & Melanson, C. (2011). Self-directed Violence Surveillance: Uniform definitions and recommended data elements, Version 1.0. Atlanta, GA: Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Center for Injury Prevention and Control.

Mundt, J. C., Greist, J. H., Jefferson, J. W., Federico, M., Mann, J. J., & Posner K. (2013). Prediction of suicidal behavior in clinical research by lifetime suicidal ideation and behavior ascertained by the electronic Columbia-Suicide Severity Rating Scale. Journal of Clinical Psychiatry, 74(9), 887-893.

Posner, K., Brown, G. K., Stanley, B., Brent, D. A., Yershova, K. V., Oquendo, M. A., Currier, G. W., Melvin, G., Greenhill, L., Shen, S., & Mann, J. J. (2011). The Columbia-Suicide Severity Rating Scale: Initial validity and internal consistency findings from three multisite studies with adolescents and adults. American Journal of Psychiatry, 168(12), 1266-1277.

Protocol ID

640107

Variables
Export Variables
Variable Name Variable IDVariable DescriptiondbGaP Mapping
PX640107_NonSuicidal_SelfInjurious_Behavior_SinceLastVisit
PX640107210000 Has subject engaged in Non-Suicidal more
Self-Injurious Behavior? show less
N/A
PX640107_SuicidalIdeation_MostSevereType_SinceLastVisit
PX640107110000 The following features should be rated with more
respect to the most severe type of ideation (i.e., 1-5 from above, with 1 being the least severe and 5 being the most severe). Ask about time he/she was feeling the most suicidal. Most Severe Ideation: Type show less
N/A
PX640107_SuicidalIdeation_MostSevere_Controllability_SinceLastVisit
PX640107150000 Could/can you stop thinking about killing more
yourself or wanting to die if you want to? show less
N/A
PX640107_SuicidalIdeation_MostSevere_Deterrents_SinceLastVisit
PX640107160000 Are there things - anyone or anything (e.g., more
family, religion, pain of death) - that stopped you from wanting to die or acting on thoughts of committing suicide? show less
N/A
PX640107_SuicidalIdeation_MostSevere_Duration_SinceLastVisit
PX640107140000 When you have the thoughts, how long do they last? N/A
PX640107_SuicidalIdeation_MostSevere_Frequency_SinceLastVisit
PX640107130000 How many times have you had these thoughts? N/A
PX640107_SuicidalIdeation_MostSevere_Reasons_SinceLastVisit
PX640107170000 What sort of reasons did you have for more
thinking about wanting to die or killing yourself? Was it to end the pain or stop the way you were feeling (in other words you couldn't go on living with this pain or how you were feeling) or was it to get atte show less
N/A
PX640107_SuicidalIdeation_MostSevere_SinceLastVisitDescription
PX640107120000 The following features should be rated with more
respect to the most severe type of ideation (i.e., 1-5 from above, with 1 being the least severe and 5 being the most severe). Ask about time he/she was feeling the most suicidal. Most Severe Ideation: Desc show less
N/A
PX640107_SuicidalIdeation_WithIntent_WithoutPlan_SinceLastVisit
PX640107070000 Active suicidal thoughts of killing oneself more
and subject reports having some intent to act on such thoughts, as opposed to "I have the thoughts but I definitely will not do anything about them." Have you had these thoughts and had some intention o show less
N/A
PX640107_SuicidalIdeation_WithIntent_WithoutPlan_SinceLastVisit_Describe
PX640107080000 Active suicidal thoughts of killing oneself more
and subject reports having some intent to act on such thoughts, as opposed to "I have the thoughts but I definitely will not do anything about them." Have you had these thoughts and had some intention o show less
N/A
PX640107_SuicidalIdeation_WithIntent_WithPlan_SinceLastVisit
PX640107090000 Thoughts of killing oneself with details of more
plan fully or partially worked out and subject has some intent to carry it out. Have you started to work out or worked out the details of how to kill yourself? Do you intend to carry out this plan? show less
N/A
PX640107_SuicidalIdeation_WithIntent_WithPlan_SinceLastVisit_Describe
PX640107100000 Thoughts of killing oneself with details of more
plan fully or partially worked out and subject has some intent to carry it out. Have you started to work out or worked out the details of how to kill yourself? Do you intend to carry out this plan? If yes, show less
N/A
PX640107_SuicidalIdeation_WithMethods_WithoutIntent_SinceLastVisit
PX640107050000 Subject endorses thoughts of suicide and has more
thought of at least one method during the assessment period. This is different than a specific plan with time, place or method details worked out (e.g., thought of method to kill self but not a specific pl show less
N/A
PX640107_SuicidalIdeation_WithMethods_WithoutIntent_SinceLastVisit_Describe
PX640107060000 Subject endorses thoughts of suicide and has more
thought of at least one method during the assessment period. This is different than a specific plan with time, place or method details worked out (e.g., thought of method to kill self but not a specific pl show less
N/A
PX640107_SuicidalThoughts_Nonspecific_Active_SinceLastVisit
PX640107030000 General, non-specific thoughts of wanting to more
end one's life/commit suicide (e.g., "I've thought about killing myself”) without thoughts of ways to kill oneself/associated methods, intent, or plan during the assessment period. Have you actuall show less
N/A
PX640107_SuicidalThoughts_Nonspecific_Active_SinceLastVisit_Describe
PX640107040000 General, non-specific thoughts of wanting to more
end one's life/commit suicide (e.g., "I've thought about killing myself”) without thoughts of ways to kill oneself/associated methods, intent, or plan during the assessment period. Have you actuall show less
N/A
PX640107_Suicidal_Behavior_Present_Assessment_Period
PX640107300000 Suicidal behavior was present during the more
assessment period? show less
N/A
PX640107_Suicide_Aborted_Attempt_SinceLastVisit
PX640107250000 When person begins to take steps toward more
making a suicide attempt, but stops themselves before they actually have engaged in any self-destructive behavior. Examples are similar to interrupted attempts, except that the individual stops him/herself, ins show less
N/A
PX640107_Suicide_Aborted_Attempt_SinceLastVisit_Describe
PX640107260000 When person begins to take steps toward more
making a suicide attempt, but stops themselves before they actually have engaged in any self-destructive behavior. Examples are similar to interrupted attempts, except that the individual stops him/herself, ins show less
N/A
PX640107_Suicide_Aborted_Attempt_TotalNumber_SinceLastVisit
PX640107270000 Total number of aborted N/A
PX640107_Suicide_Actual_Attempt_SinceLastVisit
PX640107180000 A potentially self-injurious act committed more
with at least some wish to die, as a result of act. Behavior was in part thought of as method to kill oneself. Intent does not have to be 100%. If there is any intent/desire to die associated with the act, t show less
N/A
PX640107_Suicide_Actual_Attempt_SinceLastVisit_Description
PX640107190000 A potentially self-injurious act committed more
with at least some wish to die, as a result of act. Behavior was in part thought of as method to kill oneself. Intent does not have to be 100%. If there is any intent/desire to die associated with the act, t show less
N/A
PX640107_Suicide_Actual_Attempt_TotalNumber_SinceLastVisit
PX640107200000 Total number of attempts N/A
PX640107_Suicide_Interrupted_Attempt_SinceLastVisit
PX640107220000 When the person is interrupted (by an more
outside circumstance) from starting the potentially self-injurious act (if not for that, actual attempt would have occurred). Overdose: Person has pills in hand but is stopped from ingesting. Once they ingest any show less
N/A
PX640107_Suicide_Interrupted_Attempt_SinceLastVisit_Describe
PX640107230000 When the person is interrupted (by an more
outside circumstance) from starting the potentially self-injurious act (if not for that, actual attempt would have occurred). Overdose: Person has pills in hand but is stopped from ingesting. Once they ingest any show less
N/A
PX640107_Suicide_Interrupted_Attempt_TotalNumber_SinceLastVisit
PX640107240000 Total number of interrupted N/A
PX640107_Suicide_Preparatory_Acts_Behavior_SinceLastVisit
PX640107280000 Acts or preparation towards imminently more
making a suicide attempt. This can include anything beyond a verbalization or thought, such as assembling a specific method (e.g., buying pills, purchasing a gun) or preparing for one's death by suicide (e.g., show less
N/A
PX640107_Suicide_Preparatory_Acts_Behavior_SinceLastVisit_Describe
PX640107290000 Acts or preparation towards imminently more
making a suicide attempt. This can include anything beyond a verbalization or thought, such as assembling a specific method (e.g., buying pills, purchasing a gun) or preparing for one's death by suicide (e.g., show less
N/A
PX640107_Wish_ToBe_Dead_SinceLastVisit
PX640107010000 Subject endorses thoughts about a wish to be more
dead or not alive anymore, or wish to fall asleep and not wake up. Have you wished you were dead or wished you could go to sleep and not wake up? show less
N/A
PX640107_Wish_ToBe_Dead_SinceLastVisit_Describe
PX640107020000 Subject endorses thoughts about a wish to be more
dead or not alive anymore, or wish to fall asleep and not wake up. Have you wished you were dead or wished you could go to sleep and not wake up? If yes, describe: show less
N/A
Suicide
Measure Name

Classification of Suicidal Ideation and Suicidal Behavior

Release Date

November 21, 2014

Definition

A questionnaire to assess suicidal ideation and suicidal behavior over a range of time frames.

Purpose

Suicidal ideation and suicidal behavior can indicate an increased risk of suicide attempts and death by suicide. This measure can be used to determine levels of suicide risk and aid in making clinical decisions about care. In contrast to the PhenX measure Intensity of Suicidal Ideation (Continuum), which considers suicidal ideation existing as a continuous scale within a single construct, this measure distinguishes and classifies suicidal ideation and behavior, separately.

Keywords

suicide, suicidal ideation, Suicide behavior, Columbia-Suicide Severity Rating Scale, C-SSRS, World Mental Health Composite International Diagnostic Interview, WMH CIDI

Measure Protocols
Protocol ID Protocol Name
640101 Classification of Suicidal Ideation and Suicidal Behavior - Adolescent - Current
640102 Classification of Suicidal Ideation and Suicidal Behavior - Adolescent - Lifetime
640103 Classification of Suicidal Ideation and Suicidal Behavior - Adolescent - Since Last Visit
640104 Classification of Suicidal Ideation and Suicidal Behavior - Adolescent - Epidemiology
640105 Classification of Suicidal Ideation and Suicidal Behavior - Adult - Current
640106 Classification of Suicidal Ideation and Suicidal Behavior - Adult - Lifetime
640107 Classification of Suicidal Ideation and Suicidal Behavior - Adult - Since Last Visit
640108 Classification of Suicidal Ideation and Suicidal Behavior - Adult - Epidemiology
Publications

There are no publications listed for this protocol.