Loading…

Protocol - Individual Pharmacokinetic Study using One-stage Clotting Factor Assay - Extended Half-life Factor IX Products

Add to My Toolkit
Description

This protocol provides instructions and guidance for collecting and processing samples for coagulation testing, performing an individual pharmacokinetic study using the one-stage clotting factor assay, and interpreting pharmacokinetic results in response to factor infusion. Because there are many comparable assays for performing the assay, the protocol also provides basic guidelines to aid comparability among different studies.

Specific Instructions

The PhenX Hemophilia Inhibitor Research Working Group (WG) notes that these measures are intended for use in observational and interventional trials but are not sufficient to define hemophilia phenotypes when used in isolation.

The WG recommends that when measuring inhibitor recovery in non-severe patients, endogenous factor should be measured by the same assay that was optimized prior to inhibitor development.

The WG recommends that Factor VIII and IX assays, either by one-stage clotting factor or chromogenic substrate methodology, should be performed by a laboratory that is College American Pathologists (CAP) accredited or Clinical Laboratory Improvement Amendments of 1998 (CLIA) certified. For multi-center clinical trials, the use of a central laboratory is strongly encouraged.

The WG notes the one-stage clotting factor assay for determining Factor IX Activity in Plasma can vary by reagent and instrument used and recommends that the investigator record the make and manufacturer of equipment, the repeatability and coefficients of variation for the assay, and the reagents used.

If a washout is not performed, comparison of pharmacokinetic data between studies should be conducted under steady-state conditions. Steady-state is defined as a patient-specific condition during which a pharmacokinetic assessment remains valid over a clinically useful period of time. Examples of non-steady state conditions include:

  • Bleeding state
  • Peri- and immediate post-surgical states in which patients are receiving continuous or regular high (non-routine prophylactic) doses of FVIII
  • Immune tolerance induction during which inhibiter titers are in flux
  • Children in whom age- and weight-based clearance is still developing toward adult physiologic states.
Availability

Available

Protocol

Extended Half-life Factor IX Products: Individual Pharmacokinetic Study Using One-stage Clotting Factor Assay

Sample Collection

The PhenX Hemophilia Inhibitors Working Group (WG) recommends that investigators follow the sample collection procedures outlined in Lippi et al. (2012) to ensure quality specimens for coagulation testing. These recommendations include basic criteria for venipuncture (e.g., proper patient identification, use of correct techniques, appropriate devices and needles) as well as additional guidance for critical parameters which can affect the outcome of clot-based tests. These critical parameters include prevention of prolonged venous stasis, collection of nonhemolyzed samples, order of blood draw, and appropriate filling and mixing of collection tubes.

Additionally, the WG highlights that blood should be collected by direct venipuncture into 3.2% sodium citrate tubes and filled within 11% of fill line. A second tube should be collected. A discard tube should be drawn if using a winged butterfly collection system.

Sample Processing

The WG recommends that investigators follow the sample collection procedures outlined in Adcock Funk et al. (2012). The procedures include that:

  • unprocessed or processed sodium citrate samples remain capped and at room temperature until testing,
  • samples should not be refrigerated or stored on ice or in an ice bath,
  • samples should be transported vertically, and
  • samples should not be agitated during transportation to avoid remixing of components.

Additionally, samples can be transported and stored as:

  • unprocessed sodium citrate whole blood samples,
  • whole blood samples centrifuged and maintained in sodium citrate tubes, or
  • plasma processed by centrifugation and aliquoting into a second tube.

Ideally, whole blood samples should be processed to platelet poor plasma (PPP) within 1 hour of collection and assayed within 4 hours of collection.

If centrifuging samples, the centrifuge should be validated so that process results in less than 10,000 platelets/microliter. Centrifuged samples should be frozen immediately and can be stored at -20o C for 2 weeks. Samples should be transferred to < -70o C for longer storage, including shipment.

Extended Half-life Factor IX Products: One-stage Clotting Factor Assay

The WG notes that there are a number of different assays and instruments that are appropriate to perform the one-stage clotting factor assay. Once an assay is chosen for a particular study, the WG recommends that no changes in the protocol be made over the course of the study. Because results can vary with the instrumentation and reagents, the WG recommends that the investigator record the make and manufacturer of equipment, the repeatability and coefficients of variation for the assay, and the reagents used.

Extended Half-life Factor IX Products: Individual Pharmacokinetic Study

Prior to pharmacokinetic evaluations, participants should undergo a treatment-free washout period lasting longer than five half-lives. Samples should be taken before infusion (baseline), 10-15 minutes after infusion, and then up to eight other timepoints that cover 2.5 half-lives of the extended half-life Factor IX products. The WG notes that the list of timepoints necessary for the pharmacokinetic evaluations to cover 2.5 half-lives will depend on the specific extended half-life Factor IX product being used and can be identified in relevant pre-licensure studies. Investigators should report which timepoints were used.

Extended Half-life Factor IX Products: Interpretation of Individual Pharmacokinetic Study Results

The half-life of Factor IX therapies is highly variable (see [Iorio, 2017]) and the level at which an inhibitor is suggested has not been established.

Personnel and Training Required

Phlebotomist

Equipment Needs
Laboratory with the ability to perform the chromogenic substrate assay.
Requirements
Requirement CategoryRequired
Major equipment No
Specialized training No
Specialized requirements for biospecimen collection Yes
Average time of greater than 15 minutes in an unaffected individual Yes
Mode of Administration

Bioassay

Lifestage

Toddler, Child, Adolescent, Adult

Participants

Any age

Selection Rationale

The PhenX Hemophilia Inhibitors Working Group selected the recommendations from Lippi et al. (2012) and Adcock Funk et al. (2012) as the best standardized methodology for collecting and processing samples for coagulation testing. The International Society on Thrombosis and Haemostasis (Lee et al., 2001) provides standard timepoints for consistent implementation of a pharmacokinetic study.

Language

English

Standards
StandardNameIDSource
Derived Variables

The results of this protocol can be combined with the results of Determination of Factor IX Inhibitors: Bethesda Assay with Nijmegen Modification Using Chromogenic Substrate Assay or Determination of Factor IX Inhibitors: Bethesda Assay with or without Nijmegen Modification Using One-Stage Clotting Factor Assay to document:

Presence of an Inhibitor

The presence of an inhibitor is indicated by one or more of the following:

  • lack of clinical response (cessation of bleeding) to Factor IX infusion for treatment of bleeding, and
  • less than expected (< 66%) recovery of Factor IX levels immediately after infusion (Response to Factor IX Infusion - Individual Pharmacokinetic Study) and positive inhibitor titer (Quantitative Measure of Factor IX Inhibitor Activity) in routine surveillance.

Evolution of an Inhibitor

Inhibitor evolution is indicated by:

  • change in inhibitor titer over time (Quantitative Measure of Factor IX Inhibitor Activity), with or without immune tolerance induction,
  • change in clinical response (i.e., bleeding) to Factor IX infusion,
  • change in Factor IX activity after factor infusion (Response to Factor IX Infusion - Individual Pharmacokinetic Study), and
  • change in Factor IX half-life.

Resolution of an Inhibitor

Inhibitor resolution is indicated by the following:

  • for patients receiving immune tolerance therapy for eradication of Factor IX inhibitor, success is defined as a negative inhibitor titer (Quantitative Measure of Factor IX Inhibitor Activity) normal recovery (>= 66% of expected), and normal half-life of infused Factor IX concentrate (Response to Factor IX Infusion - Individual Pharmacokinetic Study).

Persistence of an Inhibitor

A persistent inhibitor is indicated by a decrease response to Factor IX concentrate infusion (Response to Factor IX Infusion - Individual Pharmacokinetic Study) measured by recovery and/or half-life with or without a persistently positive inhibitor titer (Quantitative Measure of Factor IX Inhibitor Activity).

Blanchette, V. S., Key, N. S., Ljung, L. R., Manco-Johnson, M. J., van den Berg, H. M., & Srivastava, A.; Subcommittee on Factor VIII, Factor IX and Rare Coagulation Disorders of the Scientific and Standardization Committee of the International Society on Thrombosis and Hemostasis. (2014). Definitions in hemophilia: Communication from the SSC of the ISTH. Journal of Thrombosis and Haemostasis, 12(11), 1935-1939.

Process and Review

Not applicable.

Protocol Name from Source

Adcock Funk et al., Quality standards for sample processing, transportation, and storage in hemostasis testing. Semin Thromb Hemost, 2012

Source

Adcock Funk, D. M., Lippi, G., & Favaloro, E. J. (2012). Quality standards for sample processing, transportation, and storage in hemostasis testing. Seminars in Thrombosis and Hemostasis, 38(6), 576-585.

Lippi, G., Salvagno, G. L., Montagnana, M., Lima-Oliveira, G., Guidi, G. C., & Favaloro, E. J. (2012). Quality standards for sample collection in coagulation testing. Seminars in Thrombosis and Hemostasis, 38(6), 565-575.

General References

Blanchette, V. S., Key, N. S., Ljung, L. R., Manco-Johnson, M. J., van den Berg, H. M., & Srivastava, A.; Subcommittee on Factor VIII, Factor IX and Rare Coagulation Disorders of the Scientific and Standardization Committee of the International Society on Thrombosis and Hemostasis. (2014). Definitions in hemophilia: Communication from the SSC of the ISTH. Journal of Thrombosis and Haemostasis, 12(11), 1935-1939.

Hay, C. R., & DiMichele, D. M.; International Immune Tolerance Study. (2012). The principal results of the International Immune Tolerance Study: A randomized dose comparison. Blood, 119(6), 1335-1344.

Iorio, A., Edginton, A.N., Blanchette, V., Blatny, J., Boban, A., Cnossen, M., Collins, P., Croteau, S.E., Fischer, K., Hart, D.P., Ito, S., Korth-Bradley, J., Lethagen, S., Lillicrap, D., Makris, M., Matht, R., Morfini, M., Neufeld, E.J., Spears, J. (2018). Performing and interpreting individual pharmacokinetic profiles in patients with Hemophilia A or B: Rationale and general considerations. Research and Practice in Thrombosis and Haemostasis, 2(3), 535-548.

Iorio, A. (2017). Using pharmacokinetics to individualize hemophilia therapy. Hematology, 2017(1), 595-604.

Kershaw, G. W., Dissanayake, K., Chen, V. M., & Khoo, T. L. (2018). Evaluation of chromogenic factor IX assays by automated protocols. Haemophilia, 24(3), 492-501.

Kitchen, S., Kershaw, G., & Tiefenbacher, S. (2016). Recombinant to modified factor VIII and factor IX Chromogenic and one-stage assays issues. Haemophilia, 22(Suppl. 5), 72-77.

Lee, M., Morfini, M., Schulman, S., & Ingerslev, J.; Factor VIII/Factor IX Scientific and Standardization Committee of the International Society for Thrombosis and Haemostasis (2001). Scientific and standardization committee communication: The Design and analysis of pharmacokinetic studies of coagulation factors. https://www.isth.org/members/group_content_view.asp?group=100348&id=159244. Retrieved August 30, 2018.

Morfini, M., Lee, M., Messori, A. and the Factor VIII/Factor IX Scientific and Standardization Committee of the International Society for Thrombosis and Haemostasis. (1991). The design and analysis of half-life and recovery studies for factor VIII and factor IX. Thrombosis and Haemostasis, 66(3), 384-386.

Peyvandi, F., Oldenburg, J., & Friedman, K. D. (2006). A critical appraisal of one-stage and chromogenic assays of factor VIII activity. Journal of Thrombosis and Haemostasis, 14(2), 248-261.

Teichman, J., Chaudhry, H. R., & Sholzberg, M. (2018). Novel assays in the coagulation laboratory: A clinical and laboratory perspective. Transfusion and Apheresis Science, 57(4), 480-484.

Protocol ID

910902

Variables
Export Variables
Variable Name Variable IDVariable DescriptiondbGaP Mapping
PX910902_Factor_Nine_Individual_Extended_Individual_Pharmacokinetic_Study
PX910902040000 Did participants undergo a treatment-free more
washout period lasting longer than five half-lives? show less
N/A
PX910902_Factor_Nine_Individual_Extended_Interpretation_Individual_Pharmacokinetic_Results
PX910902050000 Were results interpreted according to these more
guidelines? The half-life of Factor IX therapies is highly variable (see [Iorio, 2017]) and the level at which an inhibitor is suggested has not been established. show less
N/A
PX910902_Factor_Nine_Individual_Extended_One_Stage_Clotting_Factor_Assay
PX910902030000 Were appropriate assays and instruments to more
perform the one-stage clotting factor assay chosen? show less
N/A
PX910902_Factor_Nine_Individual_Extended_Sample_Collection
PX910902010100 Were the sample collection procedures more
outlined in Lippi et al. (2012) to ensure quality specimens for coagulation testing followed? show less
N/A
PX910902_Factor_Nine_Individual_Extended_Sample_Processing
PX910902020100 Were the sample collection procedures more
outlined in Adcock Funk et al. (2012) followed? show less
N/A
PX910902_Factor_Nine_Individual_Extended_Sample_Processing_Capped_Room_Temp
PX910902020200 Did unprocessed or processed sodium citrate more
samples remain capped and at room temperature until testing? show less
N/A
PX910902_Factor_Nine_Individual_Extended_Sample_Processing_Not_Agitated
PX910902020500 Were samples not agitated during more
transportation to avoid remixing of components? show less
N/A
PX910902_Factor_Nine_Individual_Extended_Sample_Processing_Not_Refrigerated_Stored
PX910902020300 Were samples not refrigerated or stored on more
ice or in an ice bath? show less
N/A
PX910902_Factor_Nine_Individual_Extended_Sample_Processing_Not_Transported_Vertically
PX910902020400 Were samples not transported vertically? N/A
PX910902_Factor_Nine_Individual_Extended_Sample_Processing_Plasma_Processed_Centrifugation
PX910902020900 Were samples transported and stored as more
plasma processed by centrifugation and aliquoting into a second tube? show less
N/A
PX910902_Factor_Nine_Individual_Extended_Sample_Processing_Transported_Stored
PX910902020600 Were procedures for samples transportation more
and storage followed? show less
N/A
PX910902_Factor_Nine_Individual_Extended_Sample_Processing_Unprocessed_Sodium_Citrate
PX910902020700 Were samples transported and stored as more
unprocessed sodium citrate whole blood samples? show less
N/A
PX910902_Factor_Nine_Individual_Extended_Sample_Processing_Whole_Blood_Centrifuged
PX910902020800 Were samples transported and stored as whole more
blood samples centrifuged and maintained in sodium citrate tubes? show less
N/A
PX910902_Factor_Nine_Individual__Extended_Centrifuge_Validated
PX910902020903 Was the centrifuge validated so that process more
results in less than 10,000 platelets/microliter? show less
N/A
PX910902_Factor_Nine_Individual__Extended_Discard_Tube
PX910902010201 Was a discard tube drawn? N/A
PX910902_Factor_Nine_Individual__Extended_Frozen_Immediately
PX910902020904 Were centrifuged samples frozen immedietely more
and stored at -20C for 2 weeks? show less
N/A
PX910902_Factor_Nine_Individual__Extended_Transferred_Storage
PX910902020905 Were samples transferred to <-70C for longer more
storage, including shipment? show less
N/A
PX910902_Factor_Nine_Individual__Extended_Whole_Blood_Assayed
PX910902020902 Were samples assayed within 4 hours of collection? N/A
PX910902_Factor_Nine_Individual__Extended_Whole_Blood_PPP
PX910902020901 Were whole blood samples processed to more
platelet poor plasma (PPP) within 1 hour of collection? show less
N/A
PX910902_Factor_Nine_Individual__Extended_Winged_Butterfly
PX910902010200 Was a winged butterfly collection system used? N/A
Hemophilia Inhibitor
Measure Name

Response to Factor IX Infusion - Individual Pharmacokinetic Study

Release Date

May 7, 2019

Definition

A series of plasma Factor IX activity determinations in blood samples are obtained immediately prior to, and at timepoints after, infusion of FIX concentrate.

Purpose

The results of an individual pharmacokinetic study (i.e., initial recovery and half-life) of infused Factor IX concentrate can characterize an individual?s response to a new drug or can confirm the success of immune tolerance induction (ITI).

Keywords

Hemophilia inhibitors, Factor IX, FIX, hemophilia B, inhibitors, pharmacokinetic study, immune tolerance induction, prophylaxis, half-life, recovery

Measure Protocols
Protocol ID Protocol Name
910901 Individual Pharmacokinetic Study using One-stage Clotting Factor Assay - Standard Half-life Factor IX Products
910902 Individual Pharmacokinetic Study using One-stage Clotting Factor Assay - Extended Half-life Factor IX Products
910903 Individual Pharmacokinetic Study Using Chromogenic Assay - Standard Half-life Factor IX Products
910904 Individual Pharmacokinetic Study Using Chromogenic Assay - Extended Half-life Factor IX Products
Publications

There are no publications listed for this protocol.