Protocol - Reproductive History - Female
Description
The female participant is first asked how many pregnancies she has had. If none, the protocol is complete. For each pregnancy she reports, she is asked a series of questions (e.g., whether pregnancy was a live birth, how long the pregnancy lasted, when did the pregnancy end, whether the participant had frequent nausea or vomiting). The participant is also asked about smoking and drinking during pregnancy.
Specific Instructions
If the participant answers with a number greater than zero to question 1, the interviewer should complete the rest of the protocol. If the participant answers "none" then the protocol is deemed complete.
For question 3 (gestational age) the Working Group (WG) notes that a term pregnancy is 40 weeks.
As noted above, this measure can also be used for estimating certain in utero exposures if the research subject is an infant. In that instance, the questions would be asked of the mother regarding her exposures to smoking and alcohol while pregnant with this child. The PhenX WG recommends that for that purpose, use only questions 3-15 (and only for that pregnancy).
For question 4, the interviewer should supply the respondent with a calendar.
The PhenX Reproductive Health WG suggests adding the word "preeclampsia" to question 7 so that it reads, "Preeclampsia/Toxemia." The PhenX Reproductive Health WG notes that for question 7, vaginal bleeding is a common, potentially important complication and should be asked specifically in 1st, 2nd and/or 3rd trimester.
The WG removed the Women’s Interview Study of Health (WISH) question regarding pregnancy weight gain as it is included in the PhenX Toolkit, Anthropometric measure (Pregnancy Weight Gain).
The original text for question 15 was placed below to provide Toolkit users with its original format:
| V12. During your most recent pregnancy, did you receive any of the following services? For each one, circle Y (Yes) if you received the service or N (No) if you did not receive the service. Did you receive: | |||
| No | Yes | ||
| a. | Money to buy food, food stamps, or WIC vouchers | N | Y |
| b. | Help with an alcohol or drug problem | N | Y |
| c. | Help to reduce violence in your home | N | Y |
| d. | Counseling information for family and personal problems | N | Y |
| e. | Help to quit smoking | N | Y |
| f. | Help with or information about breastfeeding | N | Y |
| g. | Other | N | Y |
| Please tell us: [BOX] | |||
Below are some definitions excerpted from the Mayo Clinic website that may assist researchers in using the toolkit:
- Preeclampsia is a condition of pregnancy marked by high blood pressure and excess protein in the mother’s urine after 20 weeks of pregnancy. Preeclampsia often causes only modest increases in blood pressure. Left untreated, however, preeclampsia can lead to serious-even fatal-complications for both the mother and the baby. (Mayo Clinic. http://www.mayoclinic.com/health/preeclampsia/DS00583, accessed February 15, 2010.)
- Gestational diabetes is a type of diabetes that occurs only during pregnancy. Like other forms of diabetes, gestational diabetes affects the way the mother’s body uses sugar (glucose)-the body’s main source of fuel. (Mayo Clinic. http://www.mayoclinic.com/health/gestational-diabetes/DS00316, accessed February 15, 2010.)
Ectopic pregnancy: Pregnancy begins with a fertilized egg. Normally, the fertilized egg attaches itself to the lining of the uterus. With an ectopic pregnancy, the fertilized egg implants somewhere else. An ectopic pregnancy nearly always occurs in one of the tubes that carry eggs from the ovaries to the uterus (fallopian tubes). This type of ectopic pregnancy is known as a tubal pregnancy. Rarely, an ectopic pregnancy occurs in the abdomen, ovary or neck of the uterus (cervix). (Mayo Clinic. http://www.mayoclinic.com/health/ectopic-pregnancy/DS00622, accessed February 15, 2010.)
Availability
Protocol
1. Including live births, stillbirths, miscarriages, abortions, and tubal and other ectopic pregnancies, how many times have you been pregnant? Be sure to count this pregnancy if you are currently pregnant.
______
# PREGNANCIES
NONE............................................................... 00
Now I will ask some detailed questions about (each of your pregnancies / that pregnancy). (ASK QUESTIONS 2-10 FOR ONE PREGNANCY BEFORE ASKING ABOUT THE NEXT.)
| 1ST PREGNANCY | 2ND PREGNANCY | |||
| 2. Was your (1st, 2nd, etc.) pregnancy a live birth, stillbirth, miscarriage, abortion, or ectopic pregnancy? (CIRCLE ALL THAT APPLY.) LIVE BIRTH............................................... STILLBIRTH.............................................. MISCARRIAGE......................................... ABORTION ............................................... ECTOPIC/TUBAL ..................................... CURRENTLY PREGNANT...................... OTHER (SPECIFY) .................................. |
.............1 .............2 .............3 .............4 .............5 .............6 (skip to end) ............96 |
.............1 .............2 .............3 .............4 .............5 .............6 (skip to end) ............96 | ||
| 3. How many weeks or months did that pregnancy last? | ____ WEEKS OR ____ MONTHS | ____ WEEKS OR ____ MONTHS | ||
| 4. On what date did that pregnancy end? USING B4 AND B5, PUT "PG" ON CALENDAR FOR EACH MONTH OF THAT PREG. | __/__/____ MO DAY YR PUT PG. ON CAL. | __/__/____ MO DAY YR PUT PG. ON CAL. | ||
| 5. During that pregnancy, did you have frequent nausea or vomiting? (CIRCLE ALL THAT APPLY.) YES, NAUSEA .................................................. YES, VOMITING ............................................... NO...................................................................... | .......................1 .......................2 .......................3 (7) | .......................1 .......................2 .......................3 (7) | ||
| 6. In which months of the pregnancy did you have frequent nausea or vomiting? (CIRCLE ALL THAT APPLY.) MONTHS 1-3 (FIRST TRIMESTER) ....... MONTHS 4-6 (SECOND TRIMESTER) …….. MONTHS 7-9 (THIRD TRIMESTER)....... | .......................1 .......................2 .......................3 | .......................1 .......................2 .......................3 | ||
| 7. During that pregnancy, did you ever develop....... a. Hypertension or high blood pressure? ........ b. Toxemia? ......................... c. Diabetes or high blood sugar?.................... d. Any other pregnancy-related complications? | Yes 1 1 1 1 | No 2 2 2 2 | Yes 1 1 1 1 | No 2 2 2 2 |
| 8. Was the baby a boy or a girl? (MULTIPLE BIRTH WORDING: How many boys did you have? How many girls did you have?) | ____ # BOYS ____ # GIRLS | ____ # BOYS ____ # GIRLS | ||
9. In the 3 months before you got pregnant, how many cigarettes did you smoke on an average day? (A pack has 20 cigarettes.)
[ ] 41 cigarettes or more
[ ] 21 to 40 cigarettes
[ ] 11 to 20 cigarettes
[ ] 6 to 10 cigarettes
[ ] 1 to 5 cigarettes
[ ] Less than 1 cigarette
[ ] None (0 cigarettes)
10. In the last 3 months of your pregnancy, how many cigarettes did you smoke on an average day? (A pack has 20 cigarettes.)
[ ] 41 cigarettes or more
[ ] 21 to 40 cigarettes
[ ] 11 to 20 cigarettes
[ ] 6 to 10 cigarettes
[ ] 1 to 5 cigarettes
[ ] Less than 1 cigarette
[ ] None (0 cigarettes)
11. During the 3 months before you got pregnant, how many alcoholic drinks did you have in an average week?
[ ] 14 drinks or more a week
[ ] 7 to 13 drinks a week
[ ] 4 to 6 drinks a week
[ ] 1 to 3 drinks a week
[ ] Less than 1 drink a week
[ ] I didn’t drink then => Go to Question 15
12. During the 3 months before you got pregnant, how many times did you drink 4 alcoholic drinks or more in one sitting? A sitting is a two-hour time span.
[ ] 6 or more times
[ ] 4 to 5 times
[ ] 2 to 3 times
[ ] 1 time
[ ] I didn’t have 4 drinks or more in 1 sitting
13. During the last 3 months of your pregnancy, how many alcoholic drinks did you have in an average week?
[ ] 14 drinks or more a week
[ ] 7 to 13 drinks a week
[ ] 4 to 6 drinks a week
[ ] 1 to 3 drinks a week
[ ] Less than 1 drink a week
[ ] I didn’t drink then ≥ Go to Question 15
14. During the last 3 months of your pregnancy, how many times did you drink 4 alcoholic drinks or more in one sitting? A sitting is a two-hour time span.
[ ] 6 or more times
[ ] 4 to 5 times
[ ] 2 to 3 times
[ ] 1 time
[ ] I didn’t have 4 drinks or more in 1 sitting
15. During this pregnancy, did you receive help with an alcohol or drug problem?
[ ] Yes
[ ] No
Personnel and Training Required
Women’s Interview Study of Health (WISH) is an interviewer-administered survey. The interviewer must be trained to conduct personal interviews with individuals from the general population. The interviewer must be trained and found to be competent (i.e., tested by an expert) at the completion of personal interviews. The interviewer should be trained to prompt participants further if a "don’t know" response is provided.
The Pregnancy Risk Assessment Monitoring System (PRAMS) is a mail (self-administered) survey with telephone follow-up.
Equipment Needs
Pencil and paper
Requirements
| Requirement Category | Required |
|---|---|
| Major equipment | No |
| Specialized training | No |
| Specialized requirements for biospecimen collection | No |
| Average time of greater than 15 minutes in an unaffected individual | No |
Mode of Administration
Self-administered or interviewer-administered questionnaire
Lifestage
Adult
Participants
Participants in the Women’s Interview Study of Health (WISH) are newly diagnosed breast cancer patients from the Surveillance Epidemiology and End Results (SEER) areas of Atlanta and Seattle and from 10 counties of central New Jersey, aged 20-54.
Participants in the Pregnancy Risk Assessment Monitoring System (PRAMS) are a sample of women who have had a recent live birth and are drawn from the state’s birth certificate file.
Selection Rationale
Vetted against other pregnancy history questions, the Women’s Interview Study of Health (WISH) was the most comprehensive. The PhenX Reproductive Health Working Group added questions on smoking from the Pregnancy Risk Assessment Monitoring System (PRAMS) questionnaire.
Language
English
Standards
| Standard | Name | ID | Source |
|---|---|---|---|
| Logical Observation Identifiers Names and Codes (LOINC) | PhenX - reproductive history - female protocol 101301 | 62672-1 | LOINC |
| caDSR Form | PhenX PX101301 - Reproductive History Female | 5971035 | caDSR Form |
Derived Variables
None
Process and Review
The Expert Review Panel #5 (ERP 5) reviewed the measures in the Reproductive Health domain.
Guidance from ERP 5 includes:
• No significant changes to measure
Back-compatible: no changes to the Data Dictionary.
Protocol Name from Source
Women?s Interview Study of Health & Pregnancy Risk Assessment Monitoring System (PRAMS), 2009
Source
National Cancer Institute. (n.d.). Women’s Interview Study of Health. Question numbers B1-B8, B10 (questions 1-9). Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. (2009). Pregnancy Risk Assessment Monitoring System (PRAMS). Phase 6 Core Questionnaire. Questions 26 (question 9), 27 (question 10), 31a (question 11), 31b (question 12), 32a (question 13), 32b (question 14). Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. (2004-08). Pregnancy Risk Assessment Monitoring System (PRAMS). Phase 5 Standard Questions. Question V12 (question 15).
General References
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. (2009). Pregnancy Risk Assessment Monitoring System (PRAMS). Phase 6 Core Questionnaire. http://www.cdc.gov/PRAMS/References/Phase6MailCore_FINAL.doc
National Cancer Institute. (n.d.). Women’s Interview Study of Health. http://seer.cancer.gov/studies/epidemiology/study15.html
Protocol ID
101301
Variables
Export Variables| Variable Name | Variable ID | Variable Description | dbGaP Mapping | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| PX101301_Alcohol_3_Months_Before_Pregnancy | ||||
| PX101301110000 | During the 3 months before you got pregnant, more | N/A | ||
| PX101301_Alcohol_Last_3_Months_Pregnancy | ||||
| PX101301130000 | During the last 3 months of your pregnancy, more | N/A | ||
| PX101301_Baby_Number_Boy_1 | ||||
| PX101301080101 | Was the baby a boy or a girl? (MULTIPLE more | Variable Mapping | ||
| PX101301_Baby_Number_Boy_2 | ||||
| PX101301080201 | Was the baby a boy or a girl? (MULTIPLE more | N/A | ||
| PX101301_Baby_Number_Girl_1 | ||||
| PX101301080102 | Was the baby a boy or a girl? (MULTIPLE more | Variable Mapping | ||
| PX101301_Baby_Number_Girl_2 | ||||
| PX101301080202 | Was the baby a boy or a girl? (MULTIPLE more | N/A | ||
| PX101301_Cigarettes_3_Months_Before_Pregnancy | ||||
| PX101301090000 | In the 3 months before you got pregnant, how more | N/A | ||
| PX101301_Cigarettes_Last_3_Months_Pregnancy | ||||
| PX101301100000 | In the last 3 months of your pregnancy, how more | N/A | ||
| PX101301_Frequent_Nausea_Vomiting_During_Pregnancy_1 | ||||
| PX101301050100 | During that pregnancy, did you have frequent more | N/A | ||
| PX101301_Frequent_Nausea_Vomiting_During_Pregnancy_2 | ||||
| PX101301050200 | During that pregnancy, did you have frequent more | N/A | ||
| PX101301_Frequent_Nausea_Vomiting_Months_1 | ||||
| PX101301060100 | In which months of the pregnancy did you more | N/A | ||
| PX101301_Frequent_Nausea_Vomiting_Months_2 | ||||
| PX101301060200 | In which months of the pregnancy did you more | N/A | ||
| PX101301_Heavy_Alcohol_3_Months_Before_Pregnancy | ||||
| PX101301120000 | During the 3 months before you got pregnant, more | N/A | ||
| PX101301_Heavy_Alcohol_Last_3_Months_Pregnancy | ||||
| PX101301140000 | During the last 3 months of your pregnancy, more | N/A | ||
| PX101301_Number_Pregnancy | ||||
| PX101301010000 | Including live births, stillbirths, more | Variable Mapping | ||
| PX101301_Pregnancy_1 | ||||
| PX101301020101 | Was your (1st, 2nd, etc.) pregnancy a live more | N/A | ||
| PX101301_Pregnancy_2 | ||||
| PX101301020201 | Was your (1st, 2nd, etc.) pregnancy a live more | N/A | ||
| PX101301_Pregnancy_Diabetes_High_Blood_Sugar_1 | ||||
| PX101301070103 | During that pregnancy, did you ever develop more | Variable Mapping | ||
| PX101301_Pregnancy_Diabetes_High_Blood_Sugar_2 | ||||
| PX101301070203 | During that pregnancy, did you ever develop more | N/A | ||
| PX101301_Pregnancy_End_Date_1 | ||||
| PX101301040100 | On what date did that pregnancy end? (mm/dd/yyyy) | Variable Mapping | ||
| PX101301_Pregnancy_End_Date_2 | ||||
| PX101301040200 | On what date did that pregnancy end? (mm/dd/yyyy) | N/A | ||
| PX101301_Pregnancy_Hypertension_High_Blood_Pressure_1 | ||||
| PX101301070101 | During that pregnancy, did you ever develop more | Variable Mapping | ||
| PX101301_Pregnancy_Hypertension_High_Blood_Pressure_2 | ||||
| PX101301070201 | During that pregnancy, did you ever develop more | N/A | ||
| PX101301_Pregnancy_Last_Months_1 | ||||
| PX101301030102 | How many weeks or months did that pregnancy last? | N/A | ||
| PX101301_Pregnancy_Last_Months_2 | ||||
| PX101301030202 | How many weeks or months did that pregnancy last? | N/A | ||
| PX101301_Pregnancy_Last_Weeks_1 | ||||
| PX101301030101 | How many weeks or months did that pregnancy last? | Variable Mapping | ||
| PX101301_Pregnancy_Last_Weeks_2 | ||||
| PX101301030201 | How many weeks or months did that pregnancy last? | N/A | ||
| PX101301_Pregnancy_Preeclampsia_Toxemia_1 | ||||
| PX101301070102 | During that pregnancy, did you ever develop more | Variable Mapping | ||
| PX101301_Pregnancy_Preeclampsia_Toxemia_2 | ||||
| PX101301070202 | During that pregnancy, did you ever develop more | N/A | ||
| PX101301_Pregnancy_Related_Complications_1 | ||||
| PX101301070104 | During that pregnancy, did you ever develop more | Variable Mapping | ||
| PX101301_Pregnancy_Related_Complications_2 | ||||
| PX101301070204 | During that pregnancy, did you ever develop more | N/A | ||
| PX101301_Pregnancy_Specify_1 | ||||
| PX101301020102 | Specify your (1st, 2nd, etc.) pregnancy. | N/A | ||
| PX101301_Pregnancy_Specify_2 | ||||
| PX101301020202 | Specify your (1st, 2nd, etc.) pregnancy. | N/A | ||
| PX101301_Receive_Help_Alcohol_Drug_Problem | ||||
| PX101301150000 | During this pregnancy, did you receive help more | N/A | ||
Measure Name
Reproductive History
Release Date
February 26, 2010
Definition
Question to assess both males’ and females’ pregnancy history. Females are asked about the number of pregnancies, description of pregnancies, and smoking during pregnancy. Males are asked whether they have ever fathered a pregnancy and, if so, the description of the pregnancy.
Purpose
The purpose of this measure is to assess the demonstrated fecundity and fertility of the individual. This measure can also be used for estimating certain in utero exposures if the research subject is an infant.
Keywords
Reproductive health, pregnancy history, pregnancy outcomes, Women’s Interview Study of Health, WISH, Pregnancy Risk Assessment Monitoring System, PRAMS, Longitudinal Investigation of Fertility and the Environment Study, LIFE Study
Measure Protocols
| Protocol ID | Protocol Name |
|---|---|
| 101301 | Reproductive History - Female |
| 101302 | Reproductive History - Male |
Publications
Merz, E. C., et al. (2018) Socioeconomic Status, Amygdala Volume, and Internalizing Symptoms in Children and Adolescents. J Clin Child Adolesc Psychol. 2018 March; 47(2): 312-323. doi: 10.1080/15374416.2017.1326122