Protocol - Perceived Stress

Personnel and Training Required

The interviewer must be trained to conduct personal interviews with individuals from the general population. The interviewer must be trained and found to be competent (i.e., tested by an expert) at the completion of personal interviews. The interviewer should be trained to prompt respondents further if a "don’t know" response is provided.

Equipment Needs

These questions can be administered in a computerized or noncomputerized format (i.e., paper-and-pencil instrument). Computer software is necessary to develop computer-assisted instruments. A laptop computer/handheld computer will be needed to administer a computer-assisted questionnaire.

Requirements

Requirement Category	Required
Major equipment	No
Specialized training	No
Specialized requirements for biospecimen collection	No
Average time of greater than 15 minutes in an unaffected individual	No

Mode of Administration

Self-administered or interviewer-administered questionnaire

Lifestage

Adult

Participants

Ages 18 years and older

Selection Rationale

The Perceived Stress Scale (PSS) is the most widely used index of perceived stress. The scale has good reliability and validity and has been used in many settings.

Language

Chinese, English

Standards

Standard	Name	ID	Source
Logical Observation Identifiers Names and Codes (LOINC)	Perceived stress proto	64394-0	LOINC
Human Phenotype Ontology	Triggered by stress	HP:0025226	HPO
caDSR Form	PhenX PX180801 - Perceived Stress	6189450	caDSR Form

Derived Variables

None

Process and Review

Expert Review Panel 4 (ERP 4) reviewed the measures in the Neurology, Psychiatric, and Psychosocial domains.

Guidance from ERP 4 included the following:

· No changes

Protocol Name from Source

Perceived Stress Scale

Source

Cohen, S., & Williamson, G. (1988). Perceived stress in a probability sample of the United States. In S. Spacapan & S. Oskamp (Eds.), The social psychology of health: Claremont Symposium on applied social psychology. Newbury Park, CA: Sage.

General References

Cohen, S. (1986). Contrasting the hassle scale and the perceived stress scale. American Psychologist, 41, 716-719.

Cohen, S., & Janicki-Deverts, D. (2012). Who’s stressed? Distributions of psychological stress in the United States in probability samples from 1983, 2006, and 2009. Journal of Applied Social Psychology, 42(6), 1320-1334.

Cohen, S., Kamarck, T., & Mermelstein, R. (1983). A global measure of perceived stress. Journal of Health and Social Behavior, 24(4), 385-396.

Cole, S. (1999). Assessment of differential item functioning in the Perceived Stress Scale-10. Journal of Epidemiology & Community Health, 53, 319-320.

Extremera, N., Durán, A., & Rey, L. (2009). The moderating effect of trait meta-mood and perceived stress on life satisfaction. Personality and Individual Differences, 47(2), 116-121.

Hamer, M., Molloy, G. J., & Stamatakis, E. (2008). Psychological distress as a risk factor for cardiovascular events: Pathophysiological and behavioral mechanisms. Journal of the American College of Cardiology, 52(25), 2156-2162.

Yu, R., & Ho, S. C. (2010). Psychometric evaluation of the perceived stress scale in early postmenopausal Chinese women. Psychology, 1, 1-8.

Protocol ID

180801

Variables

Export Variables

Variable Name	Variable ID	Variable Description	dbGaP Mapping
PX180801_Able_To_Control_Irritations
	PX180801070000	In the last month, how often have you been more able to control irritations in your life? show less	Variable Mapping
PX180801_Angered_By_Things_Outside_Control
	PX180801090000	In the last month, how often have you been more angered because of things that were outside of your control? show less	N/A
PX180801_Could_Not_Cope_With_AllThings
	PX180801060000	In the last month, how often have you found more that you could not cope with all the things that you had to do? show less	N/A
PX180801_Difficulties_Piling_Up
	PX180801100000	In the last month, how often have you felt more difficulties were piling up so high that you could not overcome them? show less	Variable Mapping
PX180801_Felt_Confident_To_Handle_Problems
	PX180801040000	In the last month, how often have you felt more confident about your ability to handle your personal problems? show less	Variable Mapping
PX180801_Felt_Nervous_And_Stressed
	PX180801030000	In the last month, how often have you felt more nervous and stressed? show less	Variable Mapping
PX180801_Felt_On_Top_Of_Things
	PX180801080000	In the last month, how often have you felt more that you were on top of things? show less	N/A
PX180801_Felt_Things_Going_Your_Way
	PX180801050000	In the last month, how often have you felt more that things were going your way? show less	Variable Mapping
PX180801_Unable_To_Control_Important_Things
	PX180801020000	In the last month, how often have you felt more that you were unable to control the important things in your life? show less	Variable Mapping
PX180801_Upset_Because_Of_Unexpected
	PX180801010000	In the last month, how often have you been more upset because of something that happened unexpectedly? show less	N/A

Psychosocial

Measure Name

Perceived Stress

Release Date

December 13, 2010

Definition

This is a measure of the degree to which situations in one’s life in the past month are appraised as stressful.

Purpose

The Perceived Stress Scale (PSS) is a nonspecific stress appraisal. The results may be used to examine the association between stress and the etiology of disease and/or behavioral disorders. Perceived stress has been associated with cardiovascular disease morbidity and mortality and premature death. PSS has also been seen as relevant to health and illness behaviors (e.g., the use of formal health care).

Keywords

Psychosocial, stress

Measure Protocols

Protocol ID	Protocol Name
180801	Perceived Stress

Publications

Hitz, M.M., Conway, P.G, Palcher, J.A., McCarty, C.A. (2014) Using PhenX toolkit measures and other tools to assess urban/rural differences in health behaviors: recruitment methods and outcomes. BMC Research Notes. 2014 November; 7(847). doi: 10.1186/1756-0500-7-847