Protocol - Activities of Daily Living (ADLs)
Description
The individual is asked a series of questions about eight basic activities of daily living (e.g., bathing). The two-part questions ask whether the respondent needed help from another person to perform the activity and whether the respondent had any difficulty with the activity (whether the respondent received help).
Specific Instructions
None
Availability
Protocol
Instruction To Assessor:
Be sure to ask this set of questions early in the Baseline Interview.
Instruction To Participant:
The purpose of this next set of questions is to find out about your everyday activities at home. Im going to ask you whether anyone has helped you with these tasks. Im asking about family members, friends, and home care workers. Lets discuss the following daily activities for the period during the last month.
1a. Within the last month, did you need help from another person to bathe (wash and dry your whole body)?
1[ ]No help
2[ ]Help - GO TO 2a
3[ ]Unable to do - GO TO 2a
7[ ]REF
8[ ]DK
1b. Within the last month, have you had difficulty with bathing?
1[ ]Yes
2[ ]No
7[ ]REF
8[ ]DK
9[ ]NA
2a. Within the last month, did you need help from another person to do your grooming, like brushing your hair, brushing your teeth, or washing your face?
1[ ]No help
2[ ]Help - GO TO 3a
3[ ]Unable to do - GO TO 3a
7[ ]REF
8[ ]DK
2b. Within the last month, have you had difficulty with your personal grooming?
1[ ]Yes
2[ ]No
7[ ]REF
8[ ]DK
9[ ]NA
3a. Within the last month, did you need help from another person to dress your upper body (i.e., above your waist), like putting on or buttoning a shirt (or blouse)?
1[ ]No help
2[ ]Help - GO TO 4a
3[ ]Unable to do - GO TO 4a
7[ ]REF
8[ ]DK
3b. Within the last month, have you had difficulty dressing your upper body?
1[ ]Yes
2[ ]No
7[ ]REF
8[ ]DK
9[ ]NA
4a. Within the last month, did you need help from another person to dress your lower body (i.e., below your waist), like putting on or buttoning your pants (or skirt) or putting on or tying your shoes?
1[ ]No help
2[ ]Help - GO TO 5a
3[ ]Unable to do - GO TO 5a
7[ ]REF
8[ ]DK
4b. Within the last month, have you had difficulty dressing your lower body?
1[ ]Yes
2[ ]No
7[ ]REF
8[ ]DK
9[ ]NA
5a. Within the last month, did you need help from another person to feed yourself, like holding a fork, cutting food, or drinking from a glass?
1[ ]No help
2[ ]Help - GO TO 6a
3[ ]Unable to do - GO TO 6a
7[ ]REF
8[ ]DK
5b. Within the last month, have you had difficulty with feeding yourself?
1[ ]Yes
2[ ]No
7[ ]REF
8[ ]DK
9[ ]NA
6a. Within the last month, did you need help from another person to use the toilet, including getting on and off the toilet?
1[ ]No help
2[ ]Help - GO TO 7a
3[ ]Unable to do - GO TO 7a
7[ ]REF
8[ ]DK
6b. Within the last month, have you had difficulty with using the toilet?
1[ ]Yes
2[ ]No
7[ ]REF
8[ ]DK
9[ ]NA
7a. Within the last month, did you need help from another person to walk around inside your home?
1[ ]No help
2[ ]Help - GO TO 8a
3[ ]Unable to do - GO TO 8a
7[ ]REF
8[ ]DK
7b. Within the last month, have you had difficulty with walking around inside your home?
1[ ]Yes
2[ ]No
7[ ]REF
8[ ]DK
9[ ]NA
8a. Within the last month, did you need help from another person to get in and out of a chair?
1[ ]No help
2[ ]Help
3[ ]Unable to do
7[ ]REF
8[ ]DK
8b. Within the last month, have you had difficulty getting in and out of a chair?
1[ ]Yes
2[ ]No
7[ ]REF
8[ ]DK
9[ ]NA
Scoring
For each of the 8 activities.
- No help, no difficulty: score 0
- No help, yes difficulty: score 1
- Help (regardless of difficulty): score 2
Sum the total.
Personnel and Training Required
The interviewer must be trained to conduct personal interviews with individuals from the general population. The interviewer must be trained and found to be competent (i.e., tested by an expert) at the completion of personal interviews. The interviewer should be trained to prompt respondents further if a "dont know" response is provided.
Equipment Needs
The PhenX Working Group acknowledges these questions can be administered in a computerized or noncomputerized format (i.e., paper-and-pencil instrument). Computer software is necessary to develop computer-assisted instruments. The interviewer will require a laptop computer/handheld computer to administer a computer-assisted questionnaire.Requirements
| Requirement Category | Required |
|---|---|
| Major equipment | No |
| Specialized training | No |
| Specialized requirements for biospecimen collection | No |
| Average time of greater than 15 minutes in an unaffected individual | No |
Mode of Administration
Interviewer-administered questionnaire
Lifestage
Senior
Participants
75 years old and older
Selection Rationale
The ADL scale by Gill et al., 2002, is a commonly used instrument to asses an older adults physical ability to perform essential activities at home.
Language
English
Standards
| Standard | Name | ID | Source |
|---|---|---|---|
| Human Phenotype Ontology | Impairment of activities of daily living | HP:0031058 | HPO |
| caDSR Form | PhenX PX250101 - Activities Of Daily Living Adls | 6913016 | caDSR Form |
Derived Variables
None
Process and Review
Not applicable.
>Protocol Name from Source
Gill, T.M., et al. A program to prevent functional decline in physically frail, elderly persons who live at home. NEW ENGL J MED, 2002
Source
Gill, T. M., Baker, D. I., Gottschalk, M., Peduzzi, P. N., Allore, H., & Byers, A. (2002). A program to prevent functional decline in physically frail, elderly persons who live at home. New England Journal of Medicine, 347(14), 1068-1074.
General References
Gill, T. M., Gahbauer, E. A., Allore, H. G., & Han, L. (2006). Transitions between frailty states among community-living older persons. Archives of Internal Medicine, 166(4), 418-423.
Protocol ID
250101
Variables
Export Variables| Variable Name | Variable ID | Variable Description | dbGaP Mapping | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| PX250101_Activities_Daily_Living_Bathing_Difficulty | ||||
| PX250101010200 | Within the last month, have you had more | N/A | ||
| PX250101_Activities_Daily_Living_Bathing_Help | ||||
| PX250101010100 | Within the last month, did you need help more | N/A | ||
| PX250101_Activities_Daily_Living_Bathroom_Difficulty | ||||
| PX250101060200 | Within the last month, have you had more | N/A | ||
| PX250101_Activities_Daily_Living_Bathroom_Help | ||||
| PX250101060100 | Within the last month, did you need help more | N/A | ||
| PX250101_Activities_Daily_Living_Chair_Sitting_Difficulty | ||||
| PX250101080200 | Within the last month, have you had more | N/A | ||
| PX250101_Activities_Daily_Living_Chair_Sitting_Help | ||||
| PX250101080100 | Within the last month, did you need help more | N/A | ||
| PX250101_Activities_Daily_Living_Dressing_Lower_Body_Difficulty | ||||
| PX250101040200 | Within the last month, have you had more | N/A | ||
| PX250101_Activities_Daily_Living_Dressing_Lower_Body_Help | ||||
| PX250101040100 | Within the last month, did you need help more | N/A | ||
| PX250101_Activities_Daily_Living_Dressing_Upper_Body_Difficulty | ||||
| PX250101030200 | Within the last month, have you had more | N/A | ||
| PX250101_Activities_Daily_Living_Dressing_Upper_Body_Help | ||||
| PX250101030100 | Within the last month, did you need help more | N/A | ||
| PX250101_Activities_Daily_Living_Feeding_Difficulty | ||||
| PX250101050200 | Within the last month, have you had more | N/A | ||
| PX250101_Activities_Daily_Living_Feeding_Help | ||||
| PX250101050100 | Within the last month, did you need help more | N/A | ||
| PX250101_Activities_Daily_Living_Grooming_Difficulty | ||||
| PX250101020200 | Within the last month, have you had more | N/A | ||
| PX250101_Activities_Daily_Living_Grooming_Help | ||||
| PX250101020100 | Within the last month, did you need help more | N/A | ||
| PX250101_Activities_Daily_Living_Walking_Inside_Difficulty | ||||
| PX250101070200 | Within the last month, have you had more | N/A | ||
| PX250101_Activities_Daily_Living_Walking_Inside_Help | ||||
| PX250101070100 | Within the last month, did you need help more | N/A | ||
Measure Name
Activities of Daily Living (ADLs)
Release Date
July 2, 2018
Definition
An assessment of how well an individual can perform essential daily activities.
Purpose
This scale is used to assess an older person's ability to perform normal daily activities. The results may lead to interventions that can prevent physical decline or injury.
Keywords
ADLs, daily activities, scale, frailty, gerontology, aging
Measure Protocols
| Protocol ID | Protocol Name |
|---|---|
| 250101 | Activities of Daily Living (ADLs) |
Publications
There are no publications listed for this protocol.