Protocol - Housing Instability Due to Affordability
Description
The CDC BRFSS Social Context: Housing Affordability screening item assesses worry about being able to afford the rent/mortgage in the near future, which is an important aspect of housing insecurity.
Specific Instructions
Availability
Protocol
1. Do you own or rent your home
[ ] 1 Own
[ ] 2 Rent
[ ] 3 Other arrangement
[ ] 7 Don’t know / Not sure
[ ] 9 Refused
INTERVIEWER NOTE: “Other arrangement” may include group home, staying with friends or family without paying rent.
NOTE: Home is defined as the place where you live most of the time/the majority of the year.
INTERVIEWER NOTE: We ask this question in order to compare health indicators among people with different housing situations.
Now, I am going to ask you about several factors that can affect a person’s health.
If Question 1 = 1 or 2 (own or rent) continue.
2. How often in the past 12 months would you say you were worried or stressed about having enough money to pay your rent/mortgage? Would you say---
Please read:
[ ] 1 Always
[ ] 2 Usually
[ ] 3 Sometimes
[ ] 4 Rarely
[ ] 5 Never
Do not read:
[ ] 8 Not applicable
[ ] 7 Don’t know / Not sure
[ ] 9 Refused
Personnel and Training Required
The interviewer must be trained to conduct personal interviews with individuals from the general population. The interviewer must be trained and found to be competent (i.e., tested by an expert) at the completion of personal interviews. The interviewer should be trained to prompt respondents further if a “don’t know” response is provided.
Equipment Needs
The PhenX Working Group acknowledges these questions can be administered in a computerized or noncomputerized format (i.e., paper-and-pencil instrument). Computer software is necessary to develop computer-assisted instruments. The interviewer will require a laptop computer/handheld computer to administer a computer-assisted questionnaire.
Requirements
| Requirement Category | Required |
|---|---|
| Major equipment | No |
| Specialized training | No |
| Specialized requirements for biospecimen collection | No |
| Average time of greater than 15 minutes in an unaffected individual | No |
Mode of Administration
Interviewer-administered questionnaire
Lifestage
Adult
Participants
Adults aged 18 or older
Selection Rationale
The U.S. Centers of Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) BRFSS Social Context: Housing Affordability screening item is an established, well-validated, interviewer-administered Likert-style response question used frequently as an indicator of housing insecurity.
Language
English, Spanish
Standards
| Standard | Name | ID | Source |
|---|---|---|---|
| Logical Observation Identifiers Names and Codes (LOINC) | PhenX - housing instability due to affordability 281201 | 104560-8 | LOINC |
Derived Variables
None
Process and Review
Not Applicable
Protocol Name from Source
CDC Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (BRFSS) Survey
Source
Centers of Disease Control and Prevention. (2015). Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (BRFSS), 2015. Washington, DC. Question number: Social Context, #1-2.
General References
Billioux, A., Verlander, K., Anthony, S., & Alley, D. (2017). Standardized screening for health-related social needs in clinical settings: the accountable health communities screening tool. [Discussion paper]. NAM Perspectives. National Academy of Medicine. https://doi.org/10.31478/201705b
O'Gurek, D. T., & Henke, C. (2018). A practical approach to screening for social determinants of health. Family Practice Management, 25(3), 7-12.
Aratani, Y., Chau, M., Wight, V. R., & Addy, S. (2011). Rent burden, housing subsidies and the well-being of children and youth. National Center for Children in Poverty. Available from https://www.nccp.org/publication/rent-burden-housing-subsidies-and-the-well-being-of-children-and-youth/
Bushman, G., & Mehdipanah, R. (2022). Housing and health inequities during COVID-19: findings from the national Household Pulse Survey. Journal of epidemiology and community health, 76(2), 121–127. https://doi.org/10.1136/jech-2021-216764
Protocol ID
281201
Variables
Export Variables| Variable Name | Variable ID | Variable Description | dbGaP Mapping | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| PX281201_Housing_Instability_Affordability_Rent_Own_Home | ||||
| PX281201010000 | Do you own or rent your home? | N/A | ||
| PX281201_Housing_Instability_Affordability_Worry_Stress_Past_12_Months_Have_Enough_Money | ||||
| PX281201020000 | How often in the past 12 months would you more | N/A | ||
Measure Name
Housing Instability Due to Affordability
Release Date
December 14, 2022
Definition
This measure evaluates how secure and stable housing is for an individual, with an emphasis on stability, safety, and low burden to the resident.
Purpose
Stable housing indicates that it does not incur significant burden and stress, including financial, physical, and emotional, to its occupants. Stable housing implies that the occupant has a sense of affordability, stability, and safety within their housing situation. A lack of stable housing, including homelessness, is associated with increased risk of symptoms of chronic disease, as well as odds of disease such as diabetes and depression.
Keywords
Housing, instability, housing insecurity, affordability, worry, living situation, address, shelter, environment, home, house, rent, mortgage, residence, Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System, BRFSS, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, CDC, neighborhood built environment
Measure Protocols
| Protocol ID | Protocol Name |
|---|---|
| 281201 | Housing Instability Due to Affordability |
Publications
Burnett-Bowie, S. A. M., et al. (2024) The American Society for Bone and Mineral Research Task Force on clinical algorithms for fracture risk report. Journal of Bone and Mineral Research. 2024 May; 39(5): 517-530. doi: 10.1093/jbmr/zjae048
Bartholomew, T. S., et al. (2024) Project CHARIOT: study protocol for a hybrid type 1 effectiveness-implementation study of comprehensive tele-harm reduction for engagement of people who inject drugs in HIV prevention services Addiction Science & Clinical Practice. 2024 March; 19(1). doi: 10.1186/s13722-024-00447-9
Bart, T. A., et al. (2023) Measurement invariance of commonly used psychosis-screening scales in US Spanish- and English-speaking Hispanic participants. Psychological Assessment. 2023 April; 35(4): 300-310. doi: 10.1037/pas0001207
Purvis, R. S., et al. (2021) Trusted Sources of COVID-19 Vaccine Information among Hesitant Adopters in the United States. Vaccines. 2021 December; 9(12): 1418. doi: 10.3390/vaccines9121418