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Protocol - Physical Activity - Neighborhood Environment

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Description

PANES is a 17-item, self-administered questionnaire that assesses environmental factors in physical activity participation, such as neighborhood safety, aesthetic qualities, neighborhood infrastructure, and access to destinations. Each question is rated on a 4-point Likert scale from 1 (Strongly disagree) to 4 (Strongly agree). Higher scores indicate higher neighborhood walkability.

Specific Instructions

None

Availability

Available

Protocol

Think about the different facilities in and around your neighborhood. By this we mean the area ALL around your home that you could walk to in 10-15 minutes.

  1. What is the main type of housing in your neighborhood?
     [ ] 1 Detached single-family housing
     [ ] 2 Townhouses, row houses, apartments, or condos of 2-3 stories
     [ ] 3 Mix of single-family residences and townhouses, row houses, apartments or condos
     [ ] 4 Apartments or condos of 4-12 stories
     [ ] 5 Apartments or condos of more than 12 stories
     [ ] 77 Don’t know/Not sure

The next items are statements about your neighborhood related to walking and bicycling

  1. Many shops, stores, markets or other places to buy things I need are within easy walking distance of my home. Would you say that you…
     [ ] 1 Strongly disagree
     [ ] 2 Somewhat disagree
     [ ] 3 Somewhat agree
     [ ] 4 Strongly agree
     [ ] 77 Don’t know/Not sure

  1. It is within a 10-15 minute walk to a transit stop (such as bus, train, trolley, or tram) from my home. Would you say that you…
     [ ] 1 Strongly disagree
     [ ] 2 Somewhat disagree
     [ ] 3 Somewhat agree
     [ ] 4 Strongly agree
     [ ] 77 Don’t know/Not sure

  1. There are sidewalks on most of the streets in my neighborhood. Would you say that you…
     [ ] 1 Strongly disagree
     [ ] 2 Somewhat disagree
     [ ] 3 Somewhat agree
     [ ] 4 Strongly agree
     [ ] 88 Does not apply to my neighborhood
     [ ] 77 Don’t know/Not sure

  1. There are facilities to bicycle in or near my neighborhood, such as special lanes, separate paths or trails, shared use paths for cycles and pedestrians. Would you say that you…
     [ ] 1 Strongly disagree
     [ ] 2 Somewhat disagree
     [ ] 3 Somewhat agree
     [ ] 4 Strongly agree
     [ ] 88 Does not apply to my neighborhood
     [ ] 77 Don’t know/Not sure

  1. My neighborhood has several free or low cost recreation facilities, such as parks, walking trails, bike paths, recreation centers, playgrounds, public swimming pools, etc. Would you say that you…
     [ ] 1 Strongly disagree
     [ ] 2 Somewhat disagree
     [ ] 3 Somewhat agree
     [ ] 4 Strongly agree
     [ ] 77 Don’t know/Not sure

  1. The crime rate in my neighborhood makes it unsafe to go on walks at night. Would you say that you…
     [ ] 1 Strongly disagree
     [ ] 2 Somewhat disagree
     [ ] 3 Somewhat agree
     [ ] 4 Strongly agree
     [ ] 77 Don’t know/Not sure

  1. There is so much traffic on the streets that it makes it difficult or unpleasant to walk in my neighborhood. Would you say that you…
     [ ] 1 Strongly disagree
     [ ] 2 Somewhat disagree
     [ ] 3 Somewhat agree
     [ ] 4 Strongly agree
     [ ] 88 There are no streets or roads in my neighborhood
     [ ] 77 Don’t know/Not sure

  1. I see many people being physically active in my neighborhood doing things like walking, jogging, cycling, or playing sports and active games. Would you say that you…
     [ ] 1 Strongly disagree
     [ ] 2 Somewhat disagree
     [ ] 3 Somewhat agree
     [ ] 4 Strongly agree
     [ ] 77 Don’t know/Not sure

  1. There are many interesting things to look at while walking in my neighborhood. Would you say you…
     [ ] 1 Strongly disagree
     [ ] 2 Somewhat disagree
     [ ] 3 Somewhat agree
     [ ] 4 Strongly agree
     [ ] 77 Don’t know/Not sure

  1. How many motor vehicles in working order (e.g., cars, trucks, motorcycles) are there at your household?
     ____ Motor Vehicles
     [ ] 77 Don’t know/Not sure

  1. There are many four-way intersections in my neighborhood. Would you say that you…
     [ ] 1 Strongly disagree
     [ ] 2 Somewhat disagree
     [ ] 3 Somewhat agree
     [ ] 4 Strongly agree
     [ ] 88 There are no streets or roads in my neighborhood
     [ ] 77 Don’t know/Not sure

  1. The sidewalks in my neighborhood are well maintained (paved, with few cracks) and not obstructed. Would you say that you…
     [ ] 1 Strongly disagree
     [ ] 2 Somewhat disagree
     [ ] 3 Somewhat agree
     [ ] 4 Strongly agree
     [ ] 77 Don’t know/Not sure

  1. Places for bicycling (such as bike paths) in and around my neighborhood are well maintained and not obstructed. Would you say that you…
     [ ] 1 Strongly disagree
     [ ] 2 Somewhat disagree
     [ ] 3 Somewhat agree
     [ ] 4 Strongly agree
     [ ] 77 Don’t know/Not sure

  1. There is so much traffic on the streets that it makes it difficult or unpleasant to ride a bicycle in my neighborhood. Would you say that you…
     [ ] 1 Strongly disagree
     [ ] 2 Somewhat disagree
     [ ] 3 Somewhat agree
     [ ] 4 Strongly agree
     [ ] 77 Don’t know/Not sure

  1. The crime rate in my neighborhood makes it unsafe to go on walks during the day. Would you say that you…
     [ ] 1 Strongly disagree
     [ ] 2 Somewhat disagree
     [ ] 3 Somewhat agree
     [ ] 4 Strongly agree
     [ ] 77 Don’t know/Not sure

  1. There are many places to go within easy walking distance of my home. Would you say that you…
     [ ] 1 Strongly disagree
     [ ] 2 Somewhat disagree
     [ ] 3 Somewhat agree
     [ ] 4 Strongly agree
     [ ] 77 Don’t know/Not sure

This is the end of the questionnaire, thank you for participating.

Scoring Instructions

With the full scale, you can create a more extensive summary score for activity-friendliness.
a. Group responses 4 and 5 for item 1.
b. Reverse score items 1, 7, 8, 15 and 16.
c. Take a mean of items 1 through 17 (excluding item 11). This new overall PANES score should have a range of 1 to 4, with higher values indicating greater environmental support for physical activity. PANES subscales can also be created using the item grouping approach outlined below and in Sallis et al. 2010.

The items can be categorized into different constructs in case researchers want to look at the constructs separately:
Residential Density: item 1 (typically dichotomized as single family = 0 and all other = 1)
Land Use Mix: items 2 and 17
Transit Access: item 3
Pedestrian Infrastructure: items 4 and 13
Bicycling Infrastructure: items 5 and 14
Recreation Facilities: item 6
Street Connectivity: item 12
Crime Safety: items 7rev and 16rev
Traffic Safety: items 8rev and 15rev
Pedestrian Safety: item 9
Aesthetics: item 10
Item 11 (vehicles in household) is often used as a covariate in analyses

Personnel and Training Required

None

Equipment Needs

None

Requirements
Requirement CategoryRequired
Major equipment No
Specialized training No
Specialized requirements for biospecimen collection No
Average time of greater than 15 minutes in an unaffected individual No
Mode of Administration

Self-administered questionnaire

Lifestage

Adult, Senior

Participants

Adults aged 18 and older

Selection Rationale

The PANES questionnaire is brief and easy to administer. It has been validated in multiple populations and for mail and telephone administration.

Language

English, Spanish, Other languages available at source

Standards
StandardNameIDSource
Derived Variables

None

Process and Review

Not Applicable

Protocol Name from Source

Physical Activity Neighborhood Environment Survey (PANES)

Source

Oyeyemi, A. L., Adegoke, B. O. A., Oyeyemi, A. Y., & Fatudimu, B. M. (2008). Test-retest reliability of IPAQ environmental- module in an African population. International Journal of Behavioral Nutrition and Physical Activity, 5(38). https://doi.org/10.1186/1479-5868-5-38

Sallis, J. F., Kerr, J., Carlson, J. A., Norman, G. J., Saelens, B. E., Durant, N., & Ainsworth, B. E. (2010). Evaluating a brief self-report measure of neighborhood environments for physical activity research and surveillance: Physical Activity Neighborhood Environment Scale (PANES). Journal of Physical Activity & Health, 7(4), 533–540. https://doi.org/10.1123/jpah.7.4.533

General References

Alexander, A., Bergman, P., Hagströmer, M., & Sjöström, M. (2006). IPAQ Environmental Module; reliability testing. Journal of Public Health, 14, 76-80. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10389-005-0016-2

Diez Roux, A. V., & Mair, C. (2010). Neighborhoods and health. Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences, 1186, 125–145. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1749-6632.2009.05333.x

Frehlich, L., Blackstaffe, A., & McCormack, G. R. (2020). Test–retest reliability and construct validity of an online and paper administered Physical Activity Neighborhood Environment Scale (PANES). Measurement in Physical Education and Exercise Science, 24(1), 1-10. https://doi.org/10.1080/1091367X.2019.1641099

Sallis, J. F., Bowles, H. R., Bauman, A., Ainsworth, B. E., Bull, F. C., Craig, C. L., . . . Bergman, P. (2009). Neighborhood environments and physical activity among adults in 11 countries. American Journal of Preventive Medicine, 36(6), 484-490. https://doi.org/ 10.1016/j.amepre.2009.01.031

Spittaels, H., Foster, C., Oppert, J. M., Rutter, H., Oja, P., Sjöström, M., & De Bourdeaudhuij, I. (2009). Assessment of environmental correlates of physical activity: development of a European questionnaire. International Journal of Behavioral Nutrition and Physical Activity, 6, 39. https://doi.org/10.1186/1479-5868-6-39

Protocol ID

291201

Variables
Export Variables
Variable Name Variable IDVariable DescriptiondbGaP Mapping
PX291201_Physical_Activity_Neighborhood_Environment_Bicycle_Facility_Near
PX291201050000 There are facilities to bicycle in or near more
my neighborhood, such as special lanes, separate paths or trails, shared use paths for cycles and pedestrians. Would you say that you... show less
N/A
PX291201_Physical_Activity_Neighborhood_Environment_Bicycling_Well_Maintained
PX291201140000 Places for bicycling (such as bike paths) in more
and around my neighborhood are well maintained and not obstructed. Would you say that you... show less
N/A
PX291201_Physical_Activity_Neighborhood_Environment_Crime_Rate_Unsafe_Walk_Day
PX291201160000 The crime rate in my neighborhood makes it more
unsafe to go on walks during the day. Would you say that you... show less
N/A
PX291201_Physical_Activity_Neighborhood_Environment_Crime_Rate_Unsafe_Walk_Night
PX291201070000 The crime rate in my neighborhood makes it more
unsafe to go on walks at night. Would you say that you... show less
N/A
PX291201_Physical_Activity_Neighborhood_Environment_Main_Type_Housing
PX291201010000 What is the main type of housing in your more
neighborhood? show less
N/A
PX291201_Physical_Activity_Neighborhood_Environment_Many_Four_Way_Intersection
PX291201120000 There are many four-way intersections in my more
neighborhood. Would you say that you... show less
N/A
PX291201_Physical_Activity_Neighborhood_Environment_Many_Interesting_Thing
PX291201100000 There are many interesting things to look at more
while walking in my neighborhood. Would you say you... show less
N/A
PX291201_Physical_Activity_Neighborhood_Environment_Many_Place_Easy_Walk_Distance
PX291201170000 There are many places to go within easy more
walking distance of my home. Would you say that you... show less
N/A
PX291201_Physical_Activity_Neighborhood_Environment_Number_Motor_Vehicle_Working
PX291201110100 How many motor vehicles in working order more
(e.g., cars, trucks, motorcycles) are there at your household? show less
N/A
PX291201_Physical_Activity_Neighborhood_Environment_Number_Motor_Vehicle_Working_Unsure
PX291201110200 How many motor vehicles in working order more
(e.g., cars, trucks, motorcycles) are there at your household? show less
N/A
PX291201_Physical_Activity_Neighborhood_Environment_People_Active
PX291201090000 I see many people being physically active in more
my neighborhood doing things like walking, jogging, cycling, or playing sports and active games. Would you say that you... show less
N/A
PX291201_Physical_Activity_Neighborhood_Environment_Several_Free_Recreation_Facility
PX291201060000 My neighborhood has several free or low cost more
recreation facilities, such as parks, walking trails, bike paths, recreation centers, playgrounds, public swimming pools, etc. Would you say that you... show less
N/A
PX291201_Physical_Activity_Neighborhood_Environment_Shop_Easy_Walk_Distance
PX291201020000 Many shops, stores, markets or other places more
to buy things I need are within easy walking distance of my home. Would you say that you... show less
N/A
PX291201_Physical_Activity_Neighborhood_Environment_Sidewalk_Most_Streeet
PX291201040000 There are sidewalks on most of the streets more
in my neighborhood. Would you say that you... show less
N/A
PX291201_Physical_Activity_Neighborhood_Environment_Sidewalk_Well_Maintained
PX291201130000 The sidewalks in my neighborhood are well more
maintained (paved, with few cracks) and not obstructed. Would you say that you... show less
N/A
PX291201_Physical_Activity_Neighborhood_Environment_Traffic_Street_Difficult_Bicycle
PX291201150000 There is so much traffic on the streets that more
it makes it difficult or unpleasant to ride a bicycle in my neighborhood. Would you say that you... show less
N/A
PX291201_Physical_Activity_Neighborhood_Environment_Traffic_Street_Difficult_Walk
PX291201080000 There is so much traffic on the streets that more
it makes it difficult or unpleasant to walk in my neighborhood. Would you say that you... show less
N/A
PX291201_Physical_Activity_Neighborhood_Environment_Transit_Stop_10_15_Minutes
PX291201030000 It is within a 10-15 minute walk to a more
transit stop (such as bus, train, trolley, or tram) from my home. Would you say that you... show less
N/A
Structural Social Determinants of Health
Measure Name

Physical Activity - Neighborhood Environment

Release Date

December 14, 2022

Definition

This is a measure of neighborhood characteristics that influence physical activity.

Purpose

Walkability has been associated with increased walking behavior and physical activity, and is a protective factor for chronic diseases, such as obesity and diabetes, and depression. It has been found to have associations with cognitive functioning.

Keywords

Walking, walking behavior, obesity, diabetes, depression, cognitive functioning, physical activity, neighborhood, environment, neighborhood built environment

Measure Protocols
Protocol ID Protocol Name
291201 Physical Activity - Neighborhood Environment
Publications

There are no publications listed for this protocol.