Protocol - Tobacco - Age of Offset of Cigarette Use - Adult

Description

Measurement to ascertain when the respondent quit smoking. Response is used to calculate duration of use and pack-years measures and allows one to distinguish recent quitters from long-time quitters.

Specific Instructions

Respondent is asked how long it has been since he or she completely quit smoking only if he or she was classified as a Former Smoker based on responses to the Tobacco - Smoking Status (Adult Protocol). Length of time and unit of time (days, weeks, months, years) are recorded.

Availability

Available

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Protocol

The Working Group acknowledges that the following questions may gather sensitive information relating to the use of substances and/or illegal conduct. If the information is released it might be damaging to an individual’s employability, lead to social stigmatization, or other consequences. For information on obtaining a Certificate of Confidentiality, which helps researchers protect the privacy of human research participants, please go to the National Human Genome Research Institute’s Institutional Review Board website. Note to interviewer: Respondents who were classified as a "Former Smoker" by answering the Tobacco - Smoking Status (Adult Protocol) Question 1 as "Yes" (Have you smoked at least 100 cigarettes in your entire life?) and Question 2 as "Not at all" (Do you now smoke every day, some days or not at all?) are asked: About how long has it been since you COMPLETELY quit smoking cigarettes? Enter number: _____[RANGE: 1-99, Don’t Know / Refused]; Enter unit reported:

1 [ ] Days

2 [ ] Weeks

3 [ ] Months

4 [ ] Years

0 [ ] Don’t Know / Refused

Personnel and Training Required

Interviewer must be trained and found competent to conduct personal interviews with individuals from the general population. The interviewer should be trained to prompt respondents further if a "don’t know" response is provided.

Equipment Needs

While the source instrument was developed for administration by computer, the PhenX Working Group acknowledges that these questions can be administered in a noncomputerized format.

Requirements

Requirement Category	Required
Major equipment	No
Specialized training	No
Specialized requirements for biospecimen collection	No
Average time of greater than 15 minutes in an unaffected individual	No

Mode of Administration

Interviewer-administered questionnaire

Lifestage

Adult

Participants

≥18 years of age* * If the study population consists of adolescents and young adults (12-24 years) with the intention of studying onset of risky behaviors, the investigator may wish to use the adolescent profile. If the study population primarily consists of adults (≥18 years), emphasizing established smoking and/or cessation, the investigator should use the adult profile.

Selection Rationale

The protocol from the Tobacco Use Supplement to the Current Population Survey (TUS-CPS) was chosen because it is a large survey (each survey wave includes about 240,000 respondents) of the U.S. noninstitutionalized civilian population that has been conducted since 1992 in a consistent manner. The next wave is being planned for 2010-2011, and it is anticipated that the survey will be conducted triennially over the next decade. The National Cancer Institute (NCI) is the primary sponsor of the survey series, with the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) serving as cosponsor between 2001 and 2007. The TUS is an adult-focused survey, and its questions are comparable to the CDC’s National Center for Health Statistics’ National Health Interview Survey (NHIS) and National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) and NCI’s Health Information National Trends Survey (HINTS).

Language

Chinese, English, Other languages available at source

Standards

Standard	Name	ID	Source
Logical Observation Identifiers Names and Codes (LOINC)	Tobac age offset adult proto	62501-2	LOINC
Human Phenotype Ontology	Triggered by smoking	HP:0025223	HPO
caDSR Form	PhenX PX030902 - Tobacco Age Of Offset Of Use Adult Protocol	5806471	caDSR Form

Derived Variables

Duration of smoking: (Tobacco - Age of Offset of Cigarette Use¹ OR Current Age) - (Tobacco - Age of Initiation of Use)² Pack-years: (Tobacco - 30-Day Quantity and Frequency)³ X (Duration)⁴ The estimation of the components of this calculation can be derived from several PhenX measures. ¹ Tobacco - Age of Offset of Cigarette Use:

Adolescents: (Current Age) - (length of time response to the question: "How old were you the last time you smoked part or all of a cigarette?")
Adults: (Current Age) - (length of time response to the question: "About how long has it been since you COMPLETELY quit smoking cigarettes?")

² Tobacco - Age of Initiation of Use:

Adolescents: Age derived from the answer to: 2. "How old were you when you first started smoking cigarettes every day?" OR - For those who never smoked every day, the answer from 1. "How old were you when you first smoked part or all of a cigarette?"
Adults: Age derived from the answer to: 1. "How old were you when you first started smoking cigarettes every day?" OR - For those who never smoked every day, the answer from 2. "How old were you when you first started smoking cigarettes fairly regularly?"

³ Tobacco - 30-Day Quantity and Frequency:

Adolescents: Response to question "On the [number of days reported in 2a or 2b] you smoked cigarettes during the past 30 days, how many cigarettes did you smoke per day, on average?"
Adults

Every-day smokers: Response to question "On the average, about how many cigarettes do you now smoke each day?"
Some-day smokers: [(Response to question "On the average, on those days, how many cigarettes did you usually smoke each day?") X (Response to "On how many of the past 30 days did you smoke cigarettes?")] / 30
Former smokers:

Respondents who smoked every day for ≥6 months: Response to question "When you last smoked every day, on average how many cigarettes did you smoke each day?"
Respondents who did not smoke every day for ≥6 months: Response to question "When you last smoked fairly regularly, on average how many cigarettes did you smoke each day?"

The Fagerstrom Test for Nicotine Dependence measure (4. How many cigarettes/day do you smoke?) can also be used to calculate the amount of cigarettes smoked.

Use the midpoint from the response category to obtain the number of cigarettes smoked per day.

⁴ Duration calculation provided above

Process and Review

The Expert Review Panel #3 (ERP 3) reviewed the measures in Alcohol, Tobacco and Other Substances, and Substance Abuse and Addiction domains.

Guidance from ERP 3 includes:

• No significant changes to measure

Back-compatible: NA no changes to Data Dictionary

Previous version in Toolkit archive (link)

Protocol Name from Source

Tobacco Use Supplement to the Current Population Survey (TUS-CPS), 2006

Source

U.S. Department of Commerce, Census Bureau. (2008). National Cancer Institute and Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Co-sponsored Tobacco Use Supplement to the Current Population Survey (2006-2007) Technical documentation. Question H1.

General References

National Cancer Institute. (2009). Tobacco Use Supplement to the Current Population Survey: Reports and publications using the TUS-CPS [Bibliography]. Available from http://riskfactor.cancer.gov/studies/tus-cps/publications.html

Protocol ID

30902

Variables

Export Variables

Variable Name	Variable ID	Variable Description	dbGaP Mapping
PX030902_Smoking_Cessation_Time_Number
	PX030902010000	About how long has it been since you more COMPLETELY quit smoking cigarettes? show less	Variable Mapping
PX030902_Smoking_Cessation_Time_Number_Coded
	PX030902010100	About how long has it been since you more COMPLETELY quit smoking cigarettes? show less	N/A
PX030902_Smoking_Cessation_Time_Unit
	PX030902020000	About how long has it been since you more COMPLETELY quit smoking cigarettes? show less	Variable Mapping

Alcohol, Tobacco and Other Substances

Measure Name

Tobacco - Age of Offset of Cigarette Use

Release Date

February 6, 2009

Definition

Questions asking a former smoker respondent how long it has been since s/he has quit smoking.

Purpose

This measure assesses when the participant’s exposure to cigarette smoking ended. When this measure is used in conjunction with the Tobacco - Age of Initiation of Use measure, the participant’s duration of smoking can be derived. Pack-years can also be derived from calculating the measure of amount smoked and duration.

Keywords

tobacco, smoking, cigarette, nicotine, nicotine dependence, duration of smoking, pack years, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, NSDUH

Measure Protocols

Protocol ID	Protocol Name
30902	Tobacco - Age of Offset of Cigarette Use - Adult
30903	Tobacco - Age of Offset of Cigarette Use - Adolescent

Publications

Hobkirk, A. L., et al. (2018) Income as a moderator of psychological stress and nicotine dependence among adult smokers. Addict Behav. 2018 September; 84: 215-223. doi: 10.1016/j.addbeh.2018.04.021

Forray, A., et al. (2017) Progesterone for smoking relapse prevention following delivery: A pilot, randomized, double-blind study. Psychoneuroendocrinology. 2017 December; 86: 96-103. doi: 10.1016/j.psyneuen.2017.09.012

Kwok, R. K., et al. (2017) The GuLF STUDY: A Prospective Study of Persons Involved in the Deepwater Horizon Oil Spill Response and Clean-Up. Environ Health Perspect. 2017 April; 125(4): 570-578. doi: 10.1289/EHP715

McCarty, C.A., Berg, R., Rottscheit, C.M., Waudby, C.J., Kitchner, T., Brilliant, M., Ritchie, M.D. (2014) Validation of PhenX measures in the personalized medicine research project for use in gene/environment studies. BMC Med Genomics. 2014 January; 7: 3. doi: 10.1186/1755-8794-7-3

Mapping for PX030902_Smoking_Cessation_Time_Number

dbGAP Study	dbGAP Variable	dbGAP Variable Description
CARDIA Cohort	phv00113169	EX-SMOKER: HOW LONG AGO QUIT SMOKING? Q 2.01
CARDIA Cohort	phv00114542	IF NOT, HOW LONG QUIT? Q 2.01
CARDIA Cohort	phv00115547	IF NOT, HOW LONG QUIT? Q 2.01a
CARDIA Cohort	phv00112438	IF EX-SMOKER, WHEN QUIT
Cardiovascular Health Study (CHS) Cohort	phv00100370	YRS SINCE QUIT SMOKE
Cardiovascular Health Study (CHS) Cohort	phv00105891	YRS SINCE QUIT SMOKE
Cardiovascular Health Study (CHS) Cohort	phv00099467	YRS SINCE QUIT SMOKE
DCCT-EDIC Clinical Trial and Follow-up of Persons with Type 1 Diabetes	phv00025726	How many months since patient quit cigarettes/cigarillos
DCCT-EDIC Clinical Trial and Follow-up of Persons with Type 1 Diabetes	phv00026070	How many months since patient quit smoking cigarettes/cigarillos?
DCCT-EDIC Clinical Trial and Follow-up of Persons with Type 1 Diabetes	phv00028997	Number of months since patient quit smoking cigarettes/cigarillos
DCCT-EDIC Clinical Trial and Follow-up of Persons with Type 1 Diabetes	phv00034123	Years and months since last quit cigarettes - Note: Variable includes 71 cases with a value (0), i.e., zero years since last quit smoking. When tabulated against variable OBSMOK5 (Never Quit), 58 of these cases are patients who never quit smoking. Is is suggested that data users treat the remaining 13 measurements as erroneous.
Framingham Cohort	phv00072096	DURING THE TIME SINCE YOUR LAST EXAM, FOR HOW MANY YEARS IN TOTAL DID YOU STOP SMOKING CIGARETTES?
Framingham Cohort	phv00177309	Medical History-Smoking: Question refers to 'whole lifetime'. For how many years in total did you stop smoking cigarettes?
Framingham Cohort	phv00010669	RESPIRATORY: IF YOU NO LONGER SMOKE, WHEN DID YOU QUIT?
Framingham Cohort	phv00056780	If sh323=0, how many years ago did you STOP smoking?
Framingham Cohort	phv00022723	IF NO LONGER SMOKE, WHEN QUIT
Framingham Cohort	phv00020951	IF EVER STOPPED FOR > 6 MONTHS: FOR HOW MANY YEARS IN TOTAL DID YOU STOP SMOKING?
Framingham Cohort	phv00020933	IF EVER STOPPED FOR > 6 MONTHS: FOR HOW MANY YEARS IN TOTAL DID YOU STOP SMOKING CIGARETTS?
GenADA/LONG/Imaging (Genetic Alzheimer's Disease Associations)	phv00081807	Subject has quit smoking for this amount of time
Genetic Epidemiology of COPD (COPDGene)	phv00169389	Years since quit smoking
Genetic Multiple Sclerosis Associations - GeneMSA	phv00072937	Subject has quit smoking for this time
Genome-wide Association Study of Adiposity in Samoans	phv00258715	Length of time since Quitting (years)
Genome-Wide Association Study of Schizophrenia	phv00034785	(Months): how long has it been since you quit smoking? Years and months
Genome-Wide Association Study of Schizophrenia	phv00034784	(Years): how long has it been since you quit smoking? Years and months
Genome-Wide Association Study of Schizophrenia	phv00020419	(Months): how long has it been since you quit smoking? (Years and months)
Genome-Wide Association Study of Schizophrenia	phv00020418	(Years): how long has it been since you quit smoking? (Years and months)
GWAS on Cataract and HDL in the PMRP	phv00181748	About how long has it been since you COMPLETELY quit smoking cigarettes?
GWAS on Cataract and HDL in the PMRP	phv00181749	About how long has it been since you COMPLETELY quit smoking cigarettes?
Molecular Genetics of Schizophrenia - nonGAIN Sample (MGS_nonGAIN)	phv00071645	(Months) How long has it been since you quit smoking? Years and months
Molecular Genetics of Schizophrenia - nonGAIN Sample (MGS_nonGAIN)	phv00071644	(Years) How long has it been since you quit smoking? Years and months
NHGRI Tumor Sequencing Project (Lung Adenocarcinoma)	phv00071774	If former smoker, years since quitting
PAGE: Multiethnic Cohort (MEC)	phv00163097	Number of years since quit smoking (reported at baseline)
The Role of the Gut Microbiota in Ulcerative Colitis	phv00091176	If smoker or ex-smoker, year stopped smoking

Mapping for PX030902_Smoking_Cessation_Time_Unit

dbGAP Study	dbGAP Variable	dbGAP Variable Description
GenADA/LONG/Imaging (Genetic Alzheimer's Disease Associations)	phv00081808	Subject has quit smoking for this amount of time - units
Genetic Multiple Sclerosis Associations - GeneMSA	phv00072938	Subject has quit smoking for this time - units