Protocol - Iodine

Description

A urine sample is collected from the study participant in a sterile specimen container. The specimen is transported to a laboratory on ice and frozen at -20°C or colder until analysis. Urinary iodine concentrations are determined by inductively coupled plasma dynamic reaction cell mass spectroscopy (ICP-DRC-MS). The 2011-12 National Health Examination Survey (NHANES) Lab Procedures Manual for Measuring Iodine and Mercury in Urine is the source, and the full protocol is found at http://www.cdc.gov/nchs/data/nhanes/nhanes_11_12/UIOUHG_G_met_iodine_mercury.pdf

Specific Instructions

There are no special fasting or dietary restrictions for the study participants. The National Health Examination Survey (NHANES) protocol requires a preservative for the mercury assay but not the iodine assay.

Availability

Available

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Protocol

1. Specimen Collection, Storage, and Handling Procedures; Criteria for Specimen Rejection

A. Urine specimen should be collected in a urine specimen container that is sterile and prescreened for trace iodine contamination. The optimal amount of specimen required is more than 1.8 mL, minimum volume required for analysis is about 0.8 mL.

B. Specimens should be frozen at ≤20°C until analysis. Specimen stability has been demonstrated for 1 year at -20°C.

C. The criteria for unacceptable specimens are either a low volume (<0.8 mL) or suspected contamination due to improper collection procedures or collection devices. In all cases, a second specimen should be requested.

D. Specimen characteristics that may compromise test results include contamination of urine by contact with dust, dirt, etc. from improper handling.

E. In general, urine specimens should be transported and stored at -20°C. Once received, they can be frozen at -20°C for up to 1 year until analysis. Portions of the sample that remain after analytical aliquots are withdrawn and should be refrozen at -20°C. Samples thawed and refrozen several times are not compromised.

2. Reference Ranges (Normal Values)

Element/Isotope Monitored	Reference Ranges (10^th-95^th Percentile, mg/L) (weighted, non-creatinine corrected NHANES 2001 & 2002 results)
I-127	41-803

Personnel and Training Required

Must complete safety training seminars prior to performing any work in laboratory.

Equipment Needs

Highly specialized equipment is necessary to perform accurate iodine measurements.

Requirements

Requirement Category	Required
Major equipment	No
Specialized training	Yes
Specialized requirements for biospecimen collection	No
Average time of greater than 15 minutes in an unaffected individual	No

Mode of Administration

Bioassay

Lifestage

Infant, Toddler, Child, Adolescent, Adult, Senior, Pregnancy

Participants

All ages

Selection Rationale

Urine samples are easy to collect and noninvasive. This assay is used to achieve rapid and accurate identification of iodine in a urine sample. The protocol is taken from the standard procedure used by staff at the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) National Center for Environmental Health (NCEH) for the National Health Examination Survey (NHANES).

Language

English

Standards

Standard	Name	ID	Source
caDSR Form	PhenX PX051301 - Iodine	5850325	caDSR Form

Derived Variables

None

Process and Review

The Expert Review Panel #1 reviewed the measures in the Anthropometrics, Diabetes, Physical Activity and Physical Fitness, and Nutrition and Dietary Supplements domains.

Guidance from the ERP includes:

• Added a new measure

New Data Dictionary

Protocol Name from Source

National Health Examination Survey (NHANES) Lab Procedures Manual, 2011-2012

Source

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), Division of Laboratory Sciences, National Center for Environmental Health (NCEH). National Health Examination Survey (NHANES) 2011-12 Laboratory Procedure Manual for Iodine and Mercury in Urine. Atlanta, GA: Author.

Lockitch, G., Fassett, J. D., Gerson, B., Nixon, D. E., Parsons, P. J., & Savory, J. (1997). Control of pre-analytical variation in trace element determinations; Approved guideline (NCCLS document C38-A). Wayne, PA: National Committee for Clinical Laboratory Standards.

General References

Caldwell, K., Jones, R., & Hollowell, J. (2005). Urinary iodine concentration: United States NHANES 2001-2002. Thyroid, 15(7), 687-693.

Hollowell, J. G., Staehling, N. W., Hannon, W. H., Flanders, D. W., Gunter, E. W., Maberly, G. F., . . . Jackson, R. J. (1998). Iodine nutrition in the United States. Trends and public health implications: Iodine excretion data from National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys I and III (1971-1974 and 1988-1994). Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism, 83(10), 3401-3408.

National Institutes of Health (NIH), Office of Dietary Supplements (ODS). Dietary supplement fact sheet: Iodine. Bethesda, MD: Author.

Protocol ID

51301

Variables

Export Variables

Variable Name	Variable ID	Variable Description	dbGaP Mapping
PX051301_Iodine_Urinary_Iodine_Concentration
	PX051301040000	Urinary Iodine Concentration from bioassay	N/A
PX051301_Iodine_UrineSpecimen_Age
	PX051301030000	Is the urine specimen less than one year old?	N/A
PX051301_Iodine_UrineSpecimen_QualityControl
	PX051301010000	Is there at least 0.8mL of urine specimen more and were standard collection procedures followed and the proper collection devices used to acquire this specimen? show less	N/A
PX051301_Iodine_UrineSpecimen_Storage
	PX051301020000	Was the urine specimen frozen at -20 degrees more Celsius? show less	N/A

Nutrition and Dietary Supplements

Measure Name

Iodine

Release Date

October 1, 2015

Definition

A bioassay to assess concentration (nanograms per milliliter) of urinary Iodine.

Purpose

Iodine, an essential element for thyroid function, is necessary for normal growth, development, and functioning of the brain and body. Iodine-deficiency disorders (IDDs) are well-documented global health problems affecting more than 1 billion people worldwide. Consequences of IDDs include goiter, cretinism, intellectual impairment, brain damage, mental retardation, stillbirth, spontaneous abortions, miscarriages, congenital deformities, and increased perinatal mortality.

Keywords

Nutrition and Dietary Supplements, NHANES, NCCLS

Measure Protocols

Protocol ID	Protocol Name
51301	Iodine

Publications

There are no publications listed for this protocol.