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Protocol - Discrimination

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Description

The Major Experiences and Everyday Discrimination Scales include 19 interviewer-administered, yes-or-no and frequency response category questions. The Major Experiences subscale includes 9 questions about employment, housing, and education; the Everyday Discrimination subscale includes 10 questions about interactions with other people, including courtesy, respect, and harassment. A follow-up question to "yes" responses is also administered to probe about the reason for the discrimination as being related to race, gender, age, religion, disability, and so forth.

Specific Instructions

Although the Major Experiences and Everyday Discrimination Scales were validated on adults, aged 25-65 years old, the PhenX Social Environments Working Group recommends that it can be used with adults of all ages. The Everyday Discrimination Scale may also be used with adolescents.

Availability

Available

Protocol

Major Experiences of Discrimination

"In the following questions, we are interested in the way other people have treated you or your beliefs about how other people have treated you. Can you tell me if any of the following has ever happened to you:"

1. At any time in your life, have you ever been unfairly fired?

[ ] Yes

[ ] No

1.1. If "yes" follow-up with: What do you think was the main reason for this experience?

1[ ]Your ancestry or national origin

2[ ]Your gender

3[ ]Your race

4[ ]Your age

5[ ]Your religion

6[ ]Your height

7[ ]Your weight

8[ ]Some other aspect of your physical appearance

9[ ]Your sexual orientation

10[ ]Your education or income level

OTHER POSSIBLE CATEGORIES TO CONSIDER

1[ ]A physical disability

2[ ]Your shade of skin color

3[ ]Your tribe

Other (SPECIFY) _______________

1.2. When was the last time this happened?

1[ ]Past week

2[ ]Past month

3[ ]Past year

4[ ]More than a year ago

1.3. How many times has this happened during your lifetime?

2. For unfair reasons, have you ever not been hired for a job?

[ ] Yes

[ ] No

2.1. If "yes" follow-up with: What do you think was the main reason for this experience?

1[ ]Your ancestry or national origin

2[ ]Your gender

3[ ]Your race

4[ ]Your age

5[ ]Your religion

6[ ]Your height

7[ ]Your weight

8[ ]Some other aspect of your physical appearance

9[ ]Your sexual orientation

10[ ]Your education or income level

OTHER POSSIBLE CATEGORIES TO CONSIDER

1[ ]A physical disability

2[ ]Your shade of skin color

3[ ]Your tribe

Other (SPECIFY) _______________

2.2. When was the last time this happened?

1[ ]Past week

2[ ]Past month

3[ ]Past year

4[ ]More than a year ago

2.3. How many times has this happened during your lifetime?

3. Have you ever been unfairly denied a promotion?

[ ] Yes

[ ] No

3.1. If "yes" follow-up with: What do you think was the main reason for this experience?

1[ ]Your ancestry or national origin

2[ ]Your gender

3[ ]Your race

4[ ]Your age

5[ ]Your religion

6[ ]Your height

7[ ]Your weight

8[ ]Some other aspect of your physical appearance

9[ ]Your sexual orientation

10[ ]Your education or income level

OTHER POSSIBLE CATEGORIES TO CONSIDER

1[ ]A physical disability

2[ ]Your shade of skin color

3[ ]Your tribe

Other (SPECIFY) _______________

3.2. When was the last time this happened?

1[ ]Past week

2[ ]Past month

3[ ]Past year

4[ ]More than a year ago

3.3. How many times has this happened during your lifetime?

4. Have you ever been unfairly stopped, searched, questioned, physically threatened or abused by the police?

[ ] Yes

[ ] No

4.1. If "yes" follow-up with: What do you think was the main reason for this experience?

1[ ]Your ancestry or national origin

2[ ]Your gender

3[ ]Your race

4[ ]Your age

5[ ]Your religion

6[ ]Your height

7[ ]Your weight

8[ ]Some other aspect of your physical appearance

9[ ]Your sexual orientation

10[ ]Your education or income level

OTHER POSSIBLE CATEGORIES TO CONSIDER

1[ ]A physical disability

2[ ]Your shade of skin color

3[ ]Your tribe

Other (SPECIFY) _______________

4.2. When was the last time this happened?

1[ ]Past week

2[ ]Past month

3[ ]Past year

4[ ]More than a year ago

4.3. How many times has this happened during your lifetime?

5. Have you ever been unfairly discouraged by a teacher or advisor from continuing your education?

[ ] Yes

[ ] No

5.1. If "yes" follow-up with: What do you think was the main reason for this experience?

1[ ]Your ancestry or national origin

2[ ]Your gender

3[ ]Your race

4[ ]Your age

5[ ]Your religion

6[ ]Your height

7[ ]Your weight

8[ ]Some other aspect of your physical appearance

9[ ]Your sexual orientation

10[ ]Your education or income level

OTHER POSSIBLE CATEGORIES TO CONSIDER

1[ ]A physical disability

2[ ]Your shade of skin color

3[ ]Your tribe

Other (SPECIFY) _______________

5.2. When was the last time this happened?

1[ ]Past week

2[ ]Past month

3[ ]Past year

4[ ]More than a year ago

5.3. How many times has this happened during your lifetime?

6. Have you ever been unfairly prevented from moving into a neighborhood because the landlord or a realtor refused to sell or rent you a house or apartment?

[ ] Yes

[ ] No

6.1. If "yes" follow-up with: What do you think was the main reason for this experience?

1[ ]Your ancestry or national origin

2[ ]Your gender

3[ ]Your race

4[ ]Your age

5[ ]Your religion

6[ ]Your height

7[ ]Your weight

8[ ]Some other aspect of your physical appearance

9[ ]Your sexual orientation

10[ ]Your education or income level

OTHER POSSIBLE CATEGORIES TO CONSIDER

1[ ]A physical disability

2[ ]Your shade of skin color

3[ ]Your tribe

Other (SPECIFY) _______________

6.2. When was the last time this happened?

1[ ]Past week

2[ ]Past month

3[ ]Past year

4[ ]More than a year ago

6.3. How many times has this happened during your lifetime?

7. Have you ever moved into a neighborhood where neighbors made life difficult for you or your family?

[ ] Yes

[ ] No

7.1. If "yes" follow-up with: What do you think was the main reason for this experience?

1[ ]Your ancestry or national origin

2[ ]Your gender

3[ ]Your race

4[ ]Your age

5[ ]Your religion

6[ ]Your height

7[ ]Your weight

8[ ]Some other aspect of your physical appearance

9[ ]Your sexual orientation

10[ ]Your education or income level

OTHER POSSIBLE CATEGORIES TO CONSIDER

1[ ]A physical disability

2[ ]Your shade of skin color

3[ ]Your tribe

Other (SPECIFY) _______________

7.2. When was the last time this happened?

1[ ]Past week

2[ ]Past month

3[ ]Past year

4[ ]More than a year ago

7.3. How many times has this happened during your lifetime?

8. Have you ever been unfairly denied a bank loan?

[ ] Yes

[ ] No

8.1. If "yes" follow-up with: What do you think was the main reason for this experience?

1[ ]Your ancestry or national origin

2[ ]Your gender

3[ ]Your race

4[ ]Your age

5[ ]Your religion

6[ ]Your height

7[ ]Your weight

8[ ]Some other aspect of your physical appearance

9[ ]Your sexual orientation

10[ ]Your education or income level

OTHER POSSIBLE CATEGORIES TO CONSIDER

1[ ]A physical disability

2[ ]Your shade of skin color

3[ ]Your tribe

Other (SPECIFY) _______________

8.2. When was the last time this happened?

1[ ]Past week

2[ ]Past month

3[ ]Past year

4[ ]More than a year ago

8.3. How many times has this happened during your lifetime?

9. Have you ever received service from someone such as a plumber or car mechanic that was worse than what other people get?

[ ] Yes

[ ] No

9.1. If “yes” follow-up with: What do you think was the main reason for this experience?

1[ ]Your ancestry or national origin

2[ ]Your gender

3[ ]Your race

4[ ]Your age

5[ ]Your religion

6[ ]Your height

7[ ]Your weight

8[ ]Some other aspect of your physical appearance

9[ ]Your sexual orientation

10[ ]Your education or income level

OTHER POSSIBLE CATEGORIES TO CONSIDER

1[ ]A physical disability

2[ ]Your shade of skin color

3[ ]Your tribe

Other (SPECIFY) _______________

9.2. When was the last time this happened?

1[ ]Past week

2[ ]Past month

3[ ]Past year

4[ ]More than a year ago

9.3. How many times has this happened during your lifetime?

The Everyday Discrimination Scale

In your day-to-day life, how often do any of the following things happen to you?

10. You are treated with less courtesy than other people are.

1[ ]Almost every day

2[ ]At least once a week

3[ ]A few times a month

4[ ]A few times a year

5[ ]Less than once a year

6[ ]Never

10.1. If "A few times a year" or more frequently, follow-up with: What do you think is the main reason for this experience?

1[ ]Your ancestry or national origin

2[ ]Your gender

3[ ]Your race

4[ ]Your age

5[ ]Your religion

6[ ]Your height

7[ ]Your weight

8[ ]Some other aspect of your physical appearance

9[ ]Your sexual orientation

10[ ]Your education or income level

OTHER POSSIBLE CATEGORIES TO CONSIDER

1[ ]A physical disability

2[ ]Your shade of skin color

3[ ]Your tribe

Other (SPECIFY) _______________

11. You are treated with less respect than other people are.

1[ ]Almost every day

2[ ]At least once a week

3[ ]A few times a month

4[ ]A few times a year

5[ ]Less than once a year

6[ ]Never

11.1. If "A few times a year" or more frequently, follow-up with: What do you think was the main reason for this experience?

1[ ]Your ancestry or national origin

2[ ]Your gender

3[ ]Your race

4[ ]Your age

5[ ]Your religion

6[ ]Your height

7[ ]Your weight

8[ ]Some other aspect of your physical appearance

9[ ]Your sexual orientation

10[ ]Your education or income level

OTHER POSSIBLE CATEGORIES TO CONSIDER

1[ ]A physical disability

2[ ]Your shade of skin color

3[ ]Your tribe

Other (SPECIFY) _______________

12. You receive poorer service than other people at restaurants or stores.

1[ ]Almost every day

2[ ]At least once a week

3[ ]A few times a month

4[ ]A few times a year

5[ ]Less than once a year

6[ ]Never

12.1. If "A few times a year" or more frequently, follow-up with: What do you think is the main reason for this experience?

1[ ]Your ancestry or national origin

2[ ]Your gender

3[ ]Your race

4[ ]Your age

5[ ]Your religion

6[ ]Your height

7[ ]Your weight

8[ ]Some other aspect of your physical appearance

9[ ]Your sexual orientation

10[ ]Your education or income level

OTHER POSSIBLE CATEGORIES TO CONSIDER

1[ ]A physical disability

2[ ]Your shade of skin color

3[ ]Your tribe

Other (SPECIFY) _______________

13. People act as if they think you are not smart.

1[ ]Almost every day

2[ ]At least once a week

3[ ]A few times a month

4[ ]A few times a year

5[ ]Less than once a year

6[ ]Never

13.1. If "A few times a year" or more frequently, follow-up with: What do you think is the main reason for this experience?

1[ ]Your ancestry or national origin

2[ ]Your gender

3[ ]Your race

4[ ]Your age

5[ ]Your religion

6[ ]Your height

7[ ]Your weight

8[ ]Some other aspect of your physical appearance

9[ ]Your sexual orientation

10[ ]Your education or income level

OTHER POSSIBLE CATEGORIES TO CONSIDER

1[ ]A physical disability

2[ ]Your shade of skin color

3[ ]Your tribe

Other (SPECIFY) _______________

14. People act as if they are afraid of you.

1[ ]Almost every day

2[ ]At least once a week

3[ ]A few times a month

4[ ]A few times a year

5[ ]Less than once a year

6[ ]Never

14.1. If "A few times a year" or more frequently, follow-up with: What do you think is the main reason for this experience?

1[ ]Your ancestry or national origin

2[ ]Your gender

3[ ]Your race

4[ ]Your age

5[ ]Your religion

6[ ]Your height

7[ ]Your weight

8[ ]Some other aspect of your physical appearance

9[ ]Your sexual orientation

10[ ]Your education or income level

OTHER POSSIBLE CATEGORIES TO CONSIDER

1[ ]A physical disability

2[ ]Your shade of skin color

3[ ]Your tribe

Other (SPECIFY) _______________

15. People act as if they think you are dishonest.

1[ ]Almost every day

2[ ]At least once a week

3[ ]A few times a month

4[ ]A few times a year

5[ ]Less than once a year

6[ ]Never

15.1. If "A few times a year" or more frequently, follow-up with: What do you think is the main reason for this experience?

1[ ]Your ancestry or national origin

2[ ]Your gender

3[ ]Your race

4[ ]Your age

5[ ]Your religion

6[ ]Your height

7[ ]Your weight

8[ ]Some other aspect of your physical appearance

9[ ]Your sexual orientation

10[ ]Your education or income level

OTHER POSSIBLE CATEGORIES TO CONSIDER

1[ ]A physical disability

2[ ]Your shade of skin color

3[ ]Your tribe

Other (SPECIFY) _______________

16. People act as if they’re better than you are.

1[ ]Almost everyday

2[ ]At least once a week

3[ ]A few times a month

4[ ]A few times a year

5[ ]Less than once a year

6[ ]Never

16.1. If "A few times a year" or more frequently, follow-up with: What do you think is the main reason for this experience?

1[ ]Your ancestry or national origin

2[ ]Your gender

3[ ]Your race

4[ ]Your age

5[ ]Your religion

6[ ]Your height

7[ ]Your weight

8[ ]Some other aspect of your physical appearance

9[ ]Your sexual orientation

10[ ]Your education or income level

OTHER POSSIBLE CATEGORIES TO CONSIDER

1[ ]A physical disability

2[ ]Your shade of skin color

3[ ]Your tribe

Other (SPECIFY) _______________

17. You are called names or insulted.

1[ ]Almost every day

2[ ]At least once a week

3[ ]A few times a month

4[ ]A few times a year

5[ ]Less than once a year

6[ ]Never

17.1. If "A few times a year" or more frequently, follow-up with: What do you think is the main reason for this experience?

1[ ]Your ancestry or national origin

2[ ]Your gender

3[ ]Your race

4[ ]Your age

5[ ]Your religion

6[ ]Your height

7[ ]Your weight

8[ ]Some other aspect of your physical appearance

9[ ]Your sexual orientation

10[ ]Your education or income level

OTHER POSSIBLE CATEGORIES TO CONSIDER

1[ ]A physical disability

2[ ]Your shade of skin color

3[ ]Your tribe

Other (SPECIFY) _______________

18. You are threatened or harassed.

1[ ]Almost every day

2[ ]At least once a week

3[ ]A few times a month

4[ ]A few times a year

5[ ]Less than once a year

6[ ]Never

18.1. If "A few times a year" or more frequently, follow-up with: What do you think is the main reason for this experience?

1[ ]Your ancestry or national origin

2[ ]Your gender

3[ ]Your race

4[ ]Your age

5[ ]Your religion

6[ ]Your height

7[ ]Your weight

8[ ]Some other aspect of your physical appearance

9[ ]Your sexual orientation

10[ ]Your education or income level

OTHER POSSIBLE CATEGORIES TO CONSIDER

1[ ]A physical disability

2[ ]Your shade of skin color

3[ ]Your tribe

Other (SPECIFY) _______________

19. You are followed around in stores.

1[ ]Almost every day

2[ ]At least once a week

3[ ]A few times a month

4[ ]A few times a year

5[ ]Less than once a year

6[ ]Never

19.1. If "A few times a year" or more frequently, follow-up with: What do you think is the main reason for this experience?

1[ ]Your ancestry or national origin

2[ ]Your gender

3[ ]Your race

4[ ]Your age

5[ ]Your religion

6[ ]Your height

7[ ]Your weight

8[ ]Some other aspect of your physical appearance

9[ ]Your sexual orientation

10[ ]Your education or income level

OTHER POSSIBLE CATEGORIES TO CONSIDER

1[ ]A physical disability

2[ ]Your shade of skin color

3[ ]Your tribe

Other (SPECIFY) _______________

Personnel and Training Required

The interviewer must be trained to conduct personal interviews with individuals from the general population. The interviewer must be trained and found to be competent (i.e., tested by an expert).

Equipment Needs

Either a paper-and-pencil or computer-assisted instrument may be used. If a computer-assisted instrument is used, computer software may be necessary to develop the instrument. The interviewer will need a laptop computer/handheld computer to administer a computer-assisted questionnaire.

Requirements
Requirement CategoryRequired
Major equipment No
Specialized training No
Specialized requirements for biospecimen collection No
Average time of greater than 15 minutes in an unaffected individual No
Mode of Administration

Interviewer-administered questionnaire

Lifestage

Adult

Participants

Adults, ages 25-65 years

Selection Rationale

The Major Experiences and Everyday Discrimination Scales were selected because they are widely used, validated protocols with good psychometric properties. Additionally, the scales have been used in multiple racial/ethnic populations in the United States, with increasing use internationally.

Language

English, Other languages available at source

Standards
StandardNameIDSource
caDSR Form PhenX PX210302 - Discrimination 6914887 caDSR Form
Derived Variables

None

Process and Review

The Expert Review Panel #2 (ERP 2) reviewed the measures in the Demographics, Social Environments, and Environmental Exposures domains.

Guidance from ERP 2 includes:

• Updated protocol

• New Data Dictionary

Back-compatible: there are changes to the Data Dictionary, previous version of the Data Dictionary and Variable mapping in Toolkit archive (link)

Protocol Name from Source

Major Experiences and Everyday Discrimination Scales

Source

Williams, D. R. (2015). Measuring discrimination resource. http://scholar.harvard.edu/davidrwilliams/node/32777

Williams, D. R., Yu, Y., Jackson, J., & Anderson, N. (1997). Racial differences in physical and mental health: Socioeconomic status, stress, and discrimination. Journal of Health Psychology, 2(3), 335–351.

General References

Kessler, R. C., Mickelson, K. D., & Williams, D. R. (1999). The prevalence, distribution, and mental health correlates of perceived discrimination in the United States. Journal of Health and Social Behavior, 40, 208-230.

Krieger, N., Smith, K., Naishadham, D., Hartman, C., & Barbeau, E. M. (2005). Experiences of discrimination: Validity and reliability of a self-report measure for population health research on racism and health. Social Science and Medicine, 61, 1576-1596.

Protocol ID

210302

Variables
Export Variables
Variable Name Variable IDVariable DescriptiondbGaP Mapping
PX210302_Discrimination_Afraid
PX210302140100 In your day-to-day life, how often do any of more
the following things happen to you? People act as if they are afraid of you. show less
Variable Mapping
PX210302_Discrimination_Afraid_Reason
PX210302140101 If A few times a year or more frequently, more
follow-up with: What do you think is the main reason for this experience? show less
Variable Mapping
PX210302_Discrimination_Afraid_Reason_Other
PX210302140102 If A few times a year or more frequently, more
follow-up with: What do you think is the main reason for this experience? OTHER POSSIBLE CATEGORIES TO CONSIDER show less
Variable Mapping
PX210302_Discrimination_Afraid_Reason_String
PX210302140103 If A few times a year or more frequently, more
follow-up with: What do you think is the main reason for this experience? OTHER POSSIBLE CATEGORIES TO CONSIDER Other (SPECIFY) _______________ show less
N/A
PX210302_Discrimination_Better
PX210302160100 In your day-to-day life, how often do any of more
the following things happen to you? People act as if they're better than you are. show less
Variable Mapping
PX210302_Discrimination_Better_Reason
PX210302160101 If A few times a year or more frequently, more
follow-up with: What do you think is the main reason for this experience? show less
Variable Mapping
PX210302_Discrimination_Better_Reason_Other
PX210302160102 If A few times a year or more frequently, more
follow-up with: What do you think is the main reason for this experience? OTHER POSSIBLE CATEGORIES TO CONSIDER show less
Variable Mapping
PX210302_Discrimination_Better_Reason_String
PX210302160103 If A few times a year or more frequently, more
follow-up with: What do you think is the main reason for this experience? OTHER POSSIBLE CATEGORIES TO CONSIDER Other (SPECIFY) _______________ show less
N/A
PX210302_Discrimination_Courtesy
PX210302100100 In your day-to-day life, how often do any of more
the following things happen to you? You are treated with less courtesy than other people are. show less
Variable Mapping
PX210302_Discrimination_Courtesy_Reason
PX210302100101 If A few times a year or more frequently, more
follow-up with: What do you think is the main reason for this experience? show less
Variable Mapping
PX210302_Discrimination_Courtesy_Reason_Other
PX210302100102 If A few times a year or more frequently, more
follow-up with: What do you think is the main reason for this experience? OTHER POSSIBLE CATEGORIES TO CONSIDER show less
Variable Mapping
PX210302_Discrimination_Courtesy_Reason_String
PX210302100103 If A few times a year or more frequently, more
follow-up with: What do you think is the main reason for this experience? OTHER POSSIBLE CATEGORIES TO CONSIDER Other (SPECIFY) _______________ show less
N/A
PX210302_Discrimination_Denied
PX210302080100 Have you ever been unfairly denied a bank loan? N/A
PX210302_Discrimination_Denied_Last_Occurrence
PX210302080200 When was the last time this happened? N/A
PX210302_Discrimination_Denied_Lifetime_Occurrence
PX210302080300 How many times has this happened during your more
lifetime? show less
N/A
PX210302_Discrimination_Denied_Reason
PX210302080101 If yes follow-up with: What do you think was more
the main reason for this experience? show less
N/A
PX210302_Discrimination_Denied_Reason_Other
PX210302080102 If yes follow-up with: What do you think was more
the main reason for this experience? OTHER POSSIBLE CATEGORIES TO CONSIDER show less
N/A
PX210302_Discrimination_Denied_Reason_String
PX210302080103 If yes follow-up with: What do you think was more
the main reason for this experience? OTHER POSSIBLE CATEGORIES TO CONSIDER, Other (SPECIFY) _______________ show less
N/A
PX210302_Discrimination_Difficult
PX210302070100 Have you ever moved into a neighborhood more
where neighbors made life difficult for you or your family? show less
Variable Mapping
PX210302_Discrimination_Difficult_Last_Occurrence
PX210302070200 When was the last time this happened? N/A
PX210302_Discrimination_Difficult_Lifetime_Occurrence
PX210302070300 How many times has this happened during your more
lifetime? show less
N/A
PX210302_Discrimination_Difficult_Reason
PX210302070101 If yes follow-up with: What do you think was more
the main reason for this experience? show less
Variable Mapping
PX210302_Discrimination_Difficult_Reason_Other
PX210302070102 If yes follow-up with: What do you think was more
the main reason for this experience? OTHER POSSIBLE CATEGORIES TO CONSIDER show less
N/A
PX210302_Discrimination_Difficult_Reason_String
PX210302070103 If yes follow-up with: What do you think was more
the main reason for this experience? OTHER POSSIBLE CATEGORIES TO CONSIDER, Other (SPECIFY) _______________ show less
N/A
PX210302_Discrimination_Discouraged
PX210302050100 Have you ever been unfairly discouraged by a more
teacher or advisor from continuing your education? show less
Variable Mapping
PX210302_Discrimination_Discouraged_Last_Occurrence
PX210302050200 When was the last time this happened? N/A
PX210302_Discrimination_Discouraged_Lifetime_Occurrence
PX210302050300 How many times has this happened during your more
lifetime? show less
N/A
PX210302_Discrimination_Discouraged_Reason
PX210302050101 If yes follow-up with: What do you think was more
the main reason for this experience? show less
Variable Mapping
PX210302_Discrimination_Discouraged_Reason_Other
PX210302050102 If yes follow-up with: What do you think was more
the main reason for this experience? OTHER POSSIBLE CATEGORIES TO CONSIDER show less
N/A
PX210302_Discrimination_Discouraged_Reason_String
PX210302050103 If yes follow-up with: What do you think was more
the main reason for this experience? OTHER POSSIBLE CATEGORIES TO CONSIDER, Other (SPECIFY) _______________ show less
N/A
PX210302_Discrimination_Dishonest
PX210302150100 In your day-to-day life, how often do any of more
the following things happen to you? People act as if they think you are dishonest. show less
Variable Mapping
PX210302_Discrimination_Dishonest_Reason
PX210302150101 If A few times a year or more frequently, more
follow-up with: What do you think is the main reason for this experience? show less
Variable Mapping
PX210302_Discrimination_Dishonest_Reason_Other
PX210302150102 If A few times a year or more frequently, more
follow-up with: What do you think is the main reason for this experience? OTHER POSSIBLE CATEGORIES TO CONSIDER show less
Variable Mapping
PX210302_Discrimination_Dishonest_Reason_String
PX210302150103 If A few times a year or more frequently, more
follow-up with: What do you think is the main reason for this experience? OTHER POSSIBLE CATEGORIES TO CONSIDER Other (SPECIFY) _______________ show less
N/A
PX210302_Discrimination_Fired
PX210302010100 At any time in your life, have you ever been more
unfairly fired? show less
N/A
PX210302_Discrimination_Fired_Last_Occurrence
PX210302010200 When was the last time this happened? N/A
PX210302_Discrimination_Fired_Lifetime_Occurrence
PX210302010300 How many times has this happened during your more
lifetime? show less
N/A
PX210302_Discrimination_Fired_Reason
PX210302010101 If yes follow-up with: What do you think was more
the main reason for this experience? show less
N/A
PX210302_Discrimination_Fired_Reason_Other
PX210302010102 If yes follow-up with: What do you think was more
the main reason for this experience? OTHER POSSIBLE CATEGORIES TO CONSIDER show less
N/A
PX210302_Discrimination_Fired_Reason_String
PX210302010103 If yes follow-up with: What do you think was more
the main reason for this experience? OTHER POSSIBLE CATEGORIES TO CONSIDER, Other (SPECIFY) _______________ show less
N/A
PX210302_Discrimination_Followed
PX210302190100 In your day-to-day life, how often do any of more
the following things happen to you? You are followed around in stores. show less
N/A
PX210302_Discrimination_Followed_Reason
PX210302190101 If A few times a year or more frequently, more
follow-up with: What do you think is the main reason for this experience? show less
N/A
PX210302_Discrimination_Followed_Reason_Other
PX210302190102 If A few times a year or more frequently, more
follow-up with: What do you think is the main reason for this experience? OTHER POSSIBLE CATEGORIES TO CONSIDER show less
N/A
PX210302_Discrimination_Followed_Reason_String
PX210302190103 If A few times a year or more frequently, more
follow-up with: What do you think is the main reason for this experience? OTHER POSSIBLE CATEGORIES TO CONSIDER Other (SPECIFY) _______________ show less
N/A
PX210302_Discrimination_Hired
PX210302020100 For unfair reasons, have you ever not been more
hired for a job? show less
Variable Mapping
PX210302_Discrimination_Hired_Last_Occurrence
PX210302020200 When was the last time this happened? N/A
PX210302_Discrimination_Hired_Lifetime_Occurrence
PX210302020300 How many times has this happened during your more
lifetime? show less
N/A
PX210302_Discrimination_Hired_Reason
PX210302020101 If yes follow-up with: What do you think was more
the main reason for this experience? show less
Variable Mapping
PX210302_Discrimination_Hired_Reason_Other
PX210302020102 If yes follow-up with: What do you think was more
the main reason for this experience? OTHER POSSIBLE CATEGORIES TO CONSIDER show less
N/A
PX210302_Discrimination_Hired_Reason_String
PX210302020103 If yes follow-up with: What do you think was more
the main reason for this experience? OTHER POSSIBLE CATEGORIES TO CONSIDER Other (SPECIFY) _______________ show less
N/A
PX210302_Discrimination_Insulted
PX210302170100 In your day-to-day life, how often do any of more
the following things happen to you? You are called names or insulted. show less
Variable Mapping
PX210302_Discrimination_Insulted_Reason
PX210302170101 If A few times a year or more frequently, more
follow-up with: What do you think is the main reason for this experience? show less
Variable Mapping
PX210302_Discrimination_Insulted_Reason_Other
PX210302170102 If A few times a year or more frequently, more
follow-up with: What do you think is the main reason for this experience? OTHER POSSIBLE CATEGORIES TO CONSIDER show less
Variable Mapping
PX210302_Discrimination_Insulted_Reason_String
PX210302170103 If A few times a year or more frequently, more
follow-up with: What do you think is the main reason for this experience? OTHER POSSIBLE CATEGORIES TO CONSIDER Other (SPECIFY) _______________ show less
N/A
PX210302_Discrimination_Prevented
PX210302060100 Have you ever been unfairly prevented from more
moving into a neighborhood because the landlord or a realtor refused to sell or rent you a house or apartment? show less
Variable Mapping
PX210302_Discrimination_Prevented_Last_Occurrence
PX210302060200 When was the last time this happened? N/A
PX210302_Discrimination_Prevented_Lifetime_Occurrence
PX210302060300 How many times has this happened during your more
lifetime? show less
N/A
PX210302_Discrimination_Prevented_Reason
PX210302060101 If yes follow-up with: What do you think was more
the main reason for this experience? show less
Variable Mapping
PX210302_Discrimination_Prevented_Reason_Other
PX210302060102 If yes follow-up with: What do you think was more
the main reason for this experience? OTHER POSSIBLE CATEGORIES TO CONSIDER show less
N/A
PX210302_Discrimination_Prevented_Reason_String
PX210302060103 If yes follow-up with: What do you think was more
the main reason for this experience? OTHER POSSIBLE CATEGORIES TO CONSIDER, Other (SPECIFY) _______________ show less
N/A
PX210302_Discrimination_Promotion
PX210302030100 Have you ever been unfairly denied a promotion? N/A
PX210302_Discrimination_Promotion_Last_Occurrence
PX210302030200 When was the last time this happened? N/A
PX210302_Discrimination_Promotion_Lifetime_Occurrence
PX210302030300 How many times has this happened during your more
lifetime? show less
N/A
PX210302_Discrimination_Promotion_Reason
PX210302030101 If yes follow-up with: What do you think was more
the main reason for this experience? show less
N/A
PX210302_Discrimination_Promotion_Reason_Other
PX210302030102 If yes follow-up with: What do you think was more
the main reason for this experience? OTHER POSSIBLE CATEGORIES TO CONSIDER show less
N/A
PX210302_Discrimination_Promotion_Reason_String
PX210302030103 If yes follow-up with: What do you think was more
the main reason for this experience? OTHER POSSIBLE CATEGORIES TO CONSIDER Other (SPECIFY) _______________ show less
N/A
PX210302_Discrimination_Respect
PX210302110100 In your day-to-day life, how often do any of more
the following things happen to you? You are treated with less respect than other people are. show less
Variable Mapping
PX210302_Discrimination_Respect_Reason
PX210302110101 If A few times a year or more frequently, more
follow-up with: What do you think is the main reason for this experience? show less
Variable Mapping
PX210302_Discrimination_Respect_Reason_Other
PX210302110102 If A few times a year or more frequently, more
follow-up with: What do you think is the main reason for this experience? OTHER POSSIBLE CATEGORIES TO CONSIDER show less
Variable Mapping
PX210302_Discrimination_Respect_Reason_String
PX210302110103 If A few times a year or more frequently, more
follow-up with: What do you think is the main reason for this experience? OTHER POSSIBLE CATEGORIES TO CONSIDER Other (SPECIFY) _______________ show less
N/A
PX210302_Discrimination_Service
PX210302120100 In your day-to-day life, how often do any of more
the following things happen to you? You receive poorer service than other people at restaurants or stores. show less
Variable Mapping
PX210302_Discrimination_Service_Reason
PX210302120101 If A few times a year or more frequently, more
follow-up with: What do you think is the main reason for this experience? show less
Variable Mapping
PX210302_Discrimination_Service_Reason_Other
PX210302120102 If A few times a year or more frequently, more
follow-up with: What do you think is the main reason for this experience? OTHER POSSIBLE CATEGORIES TO CONSIDER show less
Variable Mapping
PX210302_Discrimination_Service_Reason_String
PX210302120103 If A few times a year or more frequently, more
follow-up with: What do you think is the main reason for this experience? OTHER POSSIBLE CATEGORIES TO CONSIDER Other (SPECIFY) _______________ show less
N/A
PX210302_Discrimination_Smart
PX210302130100 In your day-to-day life, how often do any of more
the following things happen to you? People act as if they think you are not smart. show less
Variable Mapping
PX210302_Discrimination_Smart_Reason
PX210302130101 If A few times a year or more frequently, more
follow-up with: What do you think is the main reason for this experience? show less
Variable Mapping
PX210302_Discrimination_Smart_Reason_Other
PX210302130102 If A few times a year or more frequently, more
follow-up with: What do you think is the main reason for this experience? OTHER POSSIBLE CATEGORIES TO CONSIDER show less
Variable Mapping
PX210302_Discrimination_Smart_Reason_String
PX210302130103 If A few times a year or more frequently, more
follow-up with: What do you think is the main reason for this experience? OTHER POSSIBLE CATEGORIES TO CONSIDER Other (SPECIFY) _______________ show less
N/A
PX210302_Discrimination_Stopped
PX210302040100 Have you ever been unfairly stopped, more
searched, questioned, physically threatened or abused by the police? show less
Variable Mapping
PX210302_Discrimination_Stopped_Last_Occurrence
PX210302040200 When was the last time this happened? N/A
PX210302_Discrimination_Stopped_Lifetime_Occurrence
PX210302040300 How many times has this happened during your more
lifetime? show less
N/A
PX210302_Discrimination_Stopped_Reason
PX210302040101 If yes follow-up with: What do you think was more
the main reason for this experience? show less
Variable Mapping
PX210302_Discrimination_Stopped_Reason_Other
PX210302040102 If yes follow-up with: What do you think was more
the main reason for this experience? OTHER POSSIBLE CATEGORIES TO CONSIDER show less
N/A
PX210302_Discrimination_Stopped_Reason_String
PX210302040103 If yes follow-up with: What do you think was more
the main reason for this experience? OTHER POSSIBLE CATEGORIES TO CONSIDER, Other (SPECIFY) _______________ show less
N/A
PX210302_Discrimination_Threatened
PX210302180100 In your day-to-day life, how often do any of more
the following things happen to you? You are threatened or harassed. show less
Variable Mapping
PX210302_Discrimination_Threatened_Reason
PX210302180101 If A few times a year or more frequently, more
follow-up with: What do you think is the main reason for this experience? show less
Variable Mapping
PX210302_Discrimination_Threatened_Reason_Other
PX210302180102 If A few times a year or more frequently, more
follow-up with: What do you think is the main reason for this experience? OTHER POSSIBLE CATEGORIES TO CONSIDER show less
Variable Mapping
PX210302_Discrimination_Threatened_Reason_String
PX210302180103 If A few times a year or more frequently, more
follow-up with: What do you think is the main reason for this experience? OTHER POSSIBLE CATEGORIES TO CONSIDER Other (SPECIFY) _______________ show less
N/A
PX210302_Discrimination_Worse
PX210302090100 Have you ever received service from someone more
such as a plumber or car mechanic that was worse than what other people get? show less
N/A
PX210302_Discrimination_Worse_Last_Occurrence
PX210302090200 When was the last time this happened? N/A
PX210302_Discrimination_Worse_Lifetime_Occurrence
PX210302090300 How many times has this happened during your more
lifetime? show less
N/A
PX210302_Discrimination_Worse_Reason
PX210302090101 If yes follow-up with: What do you think was more
the main reason for this experience? show less
N/A
PX210302_Discrimination_Worse_Reason_Other
PX210302090102 If yes follow-up with: What do you think was more
the main reason for this experience? OTHER POSSIBLE CATEGORIES TO CONSIDER show less
N/A
PX210302_Discrimination_Worse_Reason_String
PX210302090103 If yes follow-up with: What do you think was more
the main reason for this experience? OTHER POSSIBLE CATEGORIES TO CONSIDER, Other (SPECIFY) _______________ show less
N/A
Social Environments
Measure Name

Discrimination

Release Date

May 31, 2016

Definition

This measure is a questionnaire to assess perceived discriminatory experiences.

Purpose

This measure can be used by respondents to report lifetime discriminatory experiences. Discrimination is an important factor in an individual’s health because it affects access to employment, housing, and education opportunities and can affect self-esteem and cause stress.

Keywords

Social environments, Major Experiences and Everyday Discrimination Scales, prejudice, unfair treatment

Measure Protocols
Protocol ID Protocol Name
210302 Discrimination
Publications

Kapera, O., et al. (2024) Prevalence of Weight Stigma in Medical Settings Among Reproductive-Aged Women in the All of Us Study. Obstetrics and Gynecology. 2024 July; 144(1): 89-97. doi: 10.1097/AOG.0000000000005614

Ronneberg, C. R., et al. (2024) Study of a PST-trained voice-enabled artificial intelligence counselor for adults with emotional distress (SPEAC-2): Design and methods*. Contemporary Clinical Trials. 2024 July; 142(13). doi: 10.1016/j.cct.2024.107574

Burnett-Bowie, S. A. M., et al. (2024) The American Society for Bone and Mineral Research Task Force on clinical algorithms for fracture risk report. Journal of Bone and Mineral Research. 2024 May; 39(5): 517-530. doi: 10.1093/jbmr/zjae048

Bartholomew, T. S., et al. (2024) Project CHARIOT: study protocol for a hybrid type 1 effectiveness-implementation study of comprehensive tele-harm reduction for engagement of people who inject drugs in HIV prevention services Addiction Science & Clinical Practice. 2024 March; 19(1). doi: 10.1186/s13722-024-00447-9

Trifan, G., et al. (2023) Association of Unfavorable Social Determinants of Health With Stroke/Transient Ischemic Attack and Vascular Risk Factors in Hispanic/Latino Adults: Results From Hispanic Community Health Study/Study of Latinos Journal of Stroke. 2023 September; 25(3): 361-370. doi: 10.5853/jos.2023.00626

Bart, T. A., et al. (2023) Measurement invariance of commonly used psychosis-screening scales in US Spanish- and English-speaking Hispanic participants. Psychological Assessment. 2023 April; 35(4): 300-310. doi: 10.1037/pas0001207

Chan, N. W., et al. (2022) Social determinants of health data in solid organ transplantation: National data sources and future directions. Am J Transplant. 2022 October; 22(10): 2293-2301. doi: 10.1111/ajt.17096

Moore, T. M., et al. (2020) Development of a scale battery for rapid assessment of risk and resilience. Psychiatry Research. 2020 June; 288: 10. doi: 10.1016/j.psychres.2020.112996

Unger, J. B. (2018) Perceived Discrimination as a Risk Factor for Use of Emerging Tobacco Products: More Similarities Than Differences Across Demographic Groups and Attributions for Discrimination. Subst Use Misuse. 2018 August; 53(10): 1638-1644. doi: 10.1080/10826084.2017.1421226