Protocol - Symptoms of Autism Spectrum Disorders - Child

Description

The Childhood Autism Spectrum Test (CAST), also known as the Social and Communication Development Questionnaire, is a 37-question, parent-report instrument. It is based on a variety of behavioral descriptions of the core features of the autism spectrum (social impairments, communication impairments, and repetitive or stereotyped behaviors) from the International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems, 10th Revision (ICD-10), and Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 4th edition (DSM-IV).

Specific Instructions

None

Availability

Available

Download PDF

Protocol

Please read the following questions carefully, and indicate the appropriate answer.

1. Does s/he join in playing games with other children easily?

[ ] Yes

[ ] No

2. Does s/he come up to you spontaneously for a chat?

[ ] Yes

[ ] No

3. Was s/he speaking by 2 years old?

[ ] Yes

[ ] No

4. Does s/he enjoy sports?

[ ] Yes

[ ] No

5. Is it important to him/her to fit in with the peer group?

[ ] Yes

[ ] No

6. Does s/he appear to notice unusual details that others miss?

[ ] Yes

[ ] No

7. Does s/he tend to take things literally?

[ ] Yes

[ ] No

8. When s/he was 3 years old, did s/he spend a lot of time pretending (e.g., play-acting being a superhero, or holding teddy’s tea parties)?

[ ] Yes

[ ] No

9. Does s/he like to do things over and over again, in the same way all the time?

[ ] Yes

[ ] No

10. Does s/he find it easy to interact with other children?

[ ] Yes

[ ] No

11. Can s/he keep a two-way conversation going?

[ ] Yes

[ ] No

12. Can s/he read appropriately for his/her age?

[ ] Yes

[ ] No

13. Does s/he mostly have the same interests as his/her peers?

[ ] Yes

[ ] No

14. Does s/he have an interest which takes up so much time that s/he does little else?

[ ] Yes

[ ] No

15. Does s/he have friends, rather than just acquaintances?

[ ] Yes

[ ] No

16. Does s/he often bring you things s/he is interested in to show you?

[ ] Yes

[ ] No

17. Does s/he enjoy joking around?

[ ] Yes

[ ] No

18. Does s/he have difficulty understanding the rules for polite behavior?

[ ] Yes

[ ] No

19. Does s/he appear to have an unusual memory for details?

[ ] Yes

[ ] No

20. Is his/her voice unusual (e.g., overly adult, flat, or very monotonous)?

[ ] Yes

[ ] No

21. Are people important to him/her?

[ ] Yes

[ ] No

22. Can s/he dress him/herself?

[ ] Yes

[ ] No

23. Is s/he good at turn-taking in conversation?

[ ] Yes

[ ] No

24. Does s/he play imaginatively with other children, and engage in role-play?

[ ] Yes

[ ] No

25. Does s/he often do or say things that are tactless or socially inappropriate?

[ ] Yes

[ ] No

26. Can s/he count to 50 without leaving out any numbers?

[ ] Yes

[ ] No

27. Does s/he make normal eye-contact?

[ ] Yes

[ ] No

28. Does s/he have any unusual and repetitive movements?

[ ] Yes

[ ] No

29. Is his/her social behavior very one-sided and always on his/her own terms?

[ ] Yes

[ ] No

30. Does s/he sometimes say "you" or "s/he" when s/he means "I"?

[ ] Yes

[ ] No

31. Does s/he prefer imaginative activities such as play-acting or story-telling, rather than numbers or lists of facts?

[ ] Yes

[ ] No

32. Does s/he sometimes lose the listener because of not explaining what s/he is talking about?

[ ] Yes

[ ] No

33. Can s/he ride a bicycle (even if with stabilizers)?

[ ] Yes

[ ] No

34. Does s/he try to impose routines on himself/herself, or on others, in such a way that it causes problems?

[ ] Yes

[ ] No

35. Does s/he care how s/he is perceived by the rest of the group?

[ ] Yes

[ ] No

36. Does s/he often turn conversations to his/her favorite subject rather than following what the other person wants to talk about?

[ ] Yes

[ ] No

37. Does s/he have odd or unusual phrases?

[ ] Yes

[ ] No

SPECIAL NEEDS SECTION

Please complete as appropriate

38. Have teachers/health visitors ever expressed any concerns about his/her development?

[ ] Yes

[ ] No

If Yes, please specify..................................................................................................

39. Has s/he ever been diagnosed with any of the following?

Language delay

[ ] Yes

[ ] No

Hyperactivity/Attention Deficit Disorder (ADHD)

[ ] Yes

[ ] No

Hearing or visual difficulties

[ ] Yes

[ ] No

Autism Spectrum Condition, including Asperger’s Syndrome

[ ] Yes

[ ] No

A physical disability

[ ] Yes

[ ] No

Other (please specify)…………………………………………..

Scoring Instructions

Score "1" if the respondent answers "No" to questions 1, 2, 5, 8, 10, 11, 13, 15, 16, 17, 21, 23, 24, 27, 31, and 35. Score "1" if the respondent answers "Yes" to questions 6, 7, 9, 14, 18, 19, 20, 25, 28, 29, 30, 32, 34, 36, and 37. Sum all "1’s" to get a total score. Maximum score possible is 31, cut-off currently is 15 for possible ASD or related social-communication difficulties. Questions that are not scored are controls.

Personnel and Training Required

None

Equipment Needs

None

Requirements

Requirement Category	Required
Major equipment	No
Specialized training	No
Specialized requirements for biospecimen collection	No
Average time of greater than 15 minutes in an unaffected individual	No

Mode of Administration

Self- or proxy-administered questionnaire

Lifestage

Child

Participants

Parent report for a child 3-11 years old.

Selection Rationale

The Childhood Autism Spectrum Test (CAST) was selected because it is a relatively low-burden, parent-reported protocol that covers the various domains of the spectrum and has been used in a large twin study in the United Kingdom.

Language

Chinese, English, Spanish, Other languages available at source

Standards

Standard	Name	ID	Source
Logical Observation Identifiers Names and Codes (LOINC)	Autism disorders child proto	62740-6	LOINC
Human Phenotype Ontology	Autistic behavior	HP:0000729	HPO
caDSR Form	PhenX PX120903 - Symptoms Of Autism Spectrum Disorders Child	5974482	caDSR Form

Derived Variables

None

Process and Review

Expert Review Panel 4 (ERP 4) reviewed the measures in the Neurology, Psychiatric, and Psychosocial domains.

Guidance from ERP 4 included the following:

Revised description of measure

Protocol Name from Source

The Childhood Autism Spectrum Test (CAST)

Source

Scott, F., Baron-Cohen, S., Bolton, P., & Brayne, C. (2002). The CAST (Childhood Asperger Syndrome Test): Preliminary development of UK screen for mainstream primary-school children. Autism, 6(1), 9-31.

General References

American Psychiatric Association (APA). (2000). Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders (4th ed., text rev.). Washington, DC: Author.

Centers for Disease Control and Preventions (CDC), Autism and Developmental Disabilities Monitoring Network Surveillance Year 2006 Principal Investigators. (2009). Prevalence of autism spectrum disorders-Autism and Developmental Disabilities Monitoring Network, United States, 2006. Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report Surveillance Summaries, 58(10), 1-20.

O’Nions, E., Tick, B., Rijsdijk, F., Happé, F., Plomin, R., Ronald, A., & Viding, E. (2015). Examining the genetic and environmental associations between autistic social and communication deficits and psychopathic callous-unemotional traits. PLoS ONE, 10(9), e0134331.

Taylor, M. J., Robinson, E. B., Happé, F., Bolton, P., Freeman, D., & Ronald, A. (2015). A longitudinal twin study of the association between childhood autistic traits and psychotic experiences in adolescence. Molecular Autism, 6, 44.

Williams, J., Scott, F., Stott, C., Allison, C., Bolton, P., Baron-Cohen, S. & Brayne, C. (2005). The CAST (Childhood Asperger Syndrome Test): Test accuracy. Autism, 9(1), 45-68.

Protocol ID

120903

Variables

Export Variables

Variable Name	Variable ID	Variable Description	dbGaP Mapping
PX120903_Care_How_Perceived
	PX120903350000	Does s/he care how s/he is perceived by the more rest of the group? show less	N/A
PX120903_Chat_Spontaneously
	PX120903020000	Does s/he come up to you spontaneously for a chat?	N/A
PX120903_Conversation_Turn_Taking
	PX120903230000	Is s/he good at turn-taking in conversation?	N/A
PX120903_Count_To_Fifty
	PX120903260000	Can s/he count to 50 without leaving out any more numbers? show less	N/A
PX120903_Diagnosed_ADHD
	PX120903390200	Has s/he ever been diagnosed with any of the more following?: Hyperactivity/Attention Deficit Disorder (ADHD show less	Variable Mapping
PX120903_Diagnosed_Autism_Spectrum
	PX120903390400	Has s/he ever been diagnosed with any of the more following?: Autism Spectrum Condition, including Asperger's Syndrome show less	Variable Mapping
PX120903_Diagnosed_Language_Delay
	PX120903390100	Has s/he ever been diagnosed with any of the more following?: Language delay show less	N/A
PX120903_Diagnosed_Other
	PX120903390600	Has s/he ever been diagnosed with any of the more following?: Other (please specify) show less	Variable Mapping
PX120903_Diagnosed_Physical_Disability
	PX120903390500	Has s/he ever been diagnosed with any of the more following?: A physical disability show less	Variable Mapping
PX120903_Diagnosed_Visual_Hearing_Difficulties
	PX120903390300	Has s/he ever been diagnosed with any of the more following?: Hearing or visual difficulties show less	N/A
PX120903_Difficulty_With_Polite_Behavior
	PX120903180000	Does s/he have difficulty understanding the more rules for polite behavior? show less	N/A
PX120903_Does_Not_Explain_Topic
	PX120903320000	Does s/he sometimes lose the listener more because of not explaining what s/he is talking about? show less	N/A
PX120903_Dominating_Interest
	PX120903140000	Does s/he have an interest which takes up so more much time that s/he does little else? show less	N/A
PX120903_Easy_Interact_Other_Children
	PX120903100000	Does s/he find it easy to interact with more other children? show less	N/A
PX120903_Engage_In_Role_Play
	PX120903240000	Does s/he play imaginatively with other more children, and engage in role-play? show less	Variable Mapping
PX120903_Enjoy_Joking_Around
	PX120903170000	Does s/he enjoy joking around?	N/A
PX120903_Enjoy_Repetition
	PX120903090000	Does s/he like to do things over and over more again, in the same way all the time? show less	Variable Mapping
PX120903_Enjoy_Sports
	PX120903040000	Does s/he enjoy sports?	N/A
PX120903_Friends_Or_Acquaintances
	PX120903150000	Does s/he have friends, rather than just more acquaintances? show less	N/A
PX120903_Get_Dressed
	PX120903220000	Can s/he dress him/herself?	Variable Mapping
PX120903_Imagination_Or_Facts
	PX120903310000	Does s/he prefer imaginative activities such more as play-acting or story-telling, rather than numbers or lists of facts? show less	N/A
PX120903_Important_To_Fit_In
	PX120903050000	Is it important to him/her to fit in with more the peer group? show less	N/A
PX120903_Join_Games
	PX120903010000	Does s/he join in playing games with other more children easily? show less	N/A
PX120903_Keep_Conversation_Going
	PX120903110000	Can s/he keep a two-way conversation going?	N/A
PX120903_Make_Eye_Contact
	PX120903270000	Does s/he make normal eye-contact?	Variable Mapping
PX120903_Notice_Details
	PX120903060000	Does s/he appear to notice unusual details more that others miss? show less	N/A
PX120903_One_Sided_Social_Behavior
	PX120903290000	Is his/her social behavior very one-sided more and always on his/her own terms? show less	N/A
PX120903_People_Are_Important
	PX120903210000	Are people important to him/her?	N/A
PX120903_Pretending_At_Age_Three
	PX120903080000	When s/he was 3 years old, did s/he spend a more lot of time pretending (e.g., play-acting being a superhero, or holding teddy's tea parties)? show less	N/A
PX120903_Reads_At_Age_Level
	PX120903120000	Can s/he read appropriately for his/her age?	N/A
PX120903_Redirects_Conversation
	PX120903360000	Does s/he often turn conversations to more his/her favorite subject rather than following what the other person wants to talk about? show less	N/A
PX120903_Repetitive_Movements
	PX120903280000	Does s/he have any unusual and repetitive more movements? show less	N/A
PX120903_Ride_Bicycle
	PX120903330000	Can s/he ride a bicycle (even if with more stabilizers)? show less	N/A
PX120903_Same_Interests_As_Peers
	PX120903130000	Does s/he mostly have the same interests as more his/her peers? show less	N/A
PX120903_Self_Imposed_Routines
	PX120903340000	Does s/he try to impose routines on more himself/herself, or on others, in such a way that it causes problems? show less	N/A
PX120903_Share_Things
	PX120903160000	Does s/he often bring you things s/he is more interested in to show you? show less	N/A
PX120903_Socially_Inappropriate_Behavior
	PX120903250000	Does s/he often do or say things that are more tactless or socially inappropriate? show less	N/A
PX120903_Speaking_By_Two
	PX120903030000	Was s/he speaking by 2 years old?	N/A
PX120903_Take_Things_Literally
	PX120903070000	Does s/he tend to take things literally?	N/A
PX120903_Teacher_Concerns
	PX120903380000	Have teachers/health visitors ever expressed more any concerns about his/her development? show less	N/A
PX120903_Teacher_Concerns_Specify
	PX120903380100	Have teachers/health visitors ever expressed more any concerns about his/her development? If yes, please specify show less	N/A
PX120903_Unusual_Memory_For_Details
	PX120903190000	Does s/he appear to have an unusual memory more for details? show less	N/A
PX120903_Unusual_Phrases
	PX120903370000	Does s/he have odd or unusual phrases?	N/A
PX120903_Unusual_Voice
	PX120903200000	Is his/her voice unusual (e.g., overly more adult, flat, or very monotonous)? show less	N/A
PX120903_You_Or_I
	PX120903300000	Does s/he sometimes say you or s/he when more s/he means I? show less	N/A

Psychiatric

Measure Name

Symptoms of Autism Spectrum Disorder

Release Date

May 12, 2010

Definition

A questionnaire to assess autism spectrum disorder (ASD), a group of developmental problems that includes autism, Asperger’s syndrome, Rett syndrome, and the category of Pervasive Developmental Disorders Not Otherwise Specified. ASD is characterized by a lack of social interaction, difficulties in verbal and nonverbal communication, and restricted, repetitive, and stereotyped patterns of behavior (APA, 2000).

Purpose

This measure is used to screen an individual for the symptoms of autism spectrum disorder (ASD). According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), it is estimated that between 1 in 80 and 1 in 240 children, with an average of 1 in 110 children, in the United States have an ASD (CDC, 2009). Autism displays a familial pattern because first-order relatives of those with ASD are at greater risk for autism and other developmental problems than the general population (APA, 2000).

Keywords

Psychiatric, Asperger’s syndrome, social impairment, repetitive behavior, Rett syndrome, communication disability

Measure Protocols

Protocol ID	Protocol Name
120901	Symptoms of Autism Spectrum Disorders - Adult
120902	Symptoms of Autism Spectrum Disorders - Adolescent
120903	Symptoms of Autism Spectrum Disorders - Child

Publications

There are no publications listed for this protocol.

Mapping for PX120903_Diagnosed_ADHD

dbGAP Study	dbGAP Variable	dbGAP Variable Description
International Multi-Center ADHD Genetics Project	phv00011112	Main Diagnosis: DSM-IV (Diagnostic and Statistical Manual [of mental disease], IVth edition) ADHD Diagnosis
Substance Dependence GWAS in European- and African - Americans	phv00259453	Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder

Mapping for PX120903_Diagnosed_Autism_Spectrum

dbGAP Study	dbGAP Variable	dbGAP Variable Description
Genetic Basis of Developmental Disabilities	phv00259582	Diagnosis of autism spectrum disorder (ASD) from clinical record
Genetic Basis of Developmental Disabilities	phv00259591	Whether the participant was diagnosed with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD)

Mapping for PX120903_Diagnosed_Other

dbGAP Study	dbGAP Variable	dbGAP Variable Description
GenADA/LONG/Imaging (Genetic Alzheimer's Disease Associations)	phv00081358	Other diagnosis - text2
GenADA/LONG/Imaging (Genetic Alzheimer's Disease Associations)	phv00081359	Other diagnosis - text3
GenADA/LONG/Imaging (Genetic Alzheimer's Disease Associations)	phv00081592	Other diagnosis - text1
GenADA/LONG/Imaging (Genetic Alzheimer's Disease Associations)	phv00081593	Other diagnosis - text2
GenADA/LONG/Imaging (Genetic Alzheimer's Disease Associations)	phv00081594	Other diagnosis - text3
GenADA/LONG/Imaging (Genetic Alzheimer's Disease Associations)	phv00081764	Other diagnosis - text 1
GenADA/LONG/Imaging (Genetic Alzheimer's Disease Associations)	phv00081765	Other diagnosis - text 2
GenADA/LONG/Imaging (Genetic Alzheimer's Disease Associations)	phv00081766	Other diagnosis - text 3
GenADA/LONG/Imaging (Genetic Alzheimer's Disease Associations)	phv00081357	Other diagnosis - text1
Jackson Heart Study (JHS) Cohort	phv00124848	81D. Specify
Jackson Heart Study (JHS) Cohort	phv00124984	84D. Specify
Jackson Heart Study (JHS) Cohort	phv00124980	83D. Specify
Jackson Heart Study (JHS) Cohort	phv00124976	82D. Specify
Jackson Heart Study (JHS) Cohort	phv00124972	81D. Specify
Jackson Heart Study (JHS) Cohort	phv00124860	84D. Specify
Jackson Heart Study (JHS) Cohort	phv00124856	83D. Specify
Jackson Heart Study (JHS) Cohort	phv00124852	82D. Specify
Use of WGS for Diagnosis and Discovery in the Cancer Genetics Clinic	phv00251947	Other diagnosis [Colon polyposis, Hyperparathyroidism]

Mapping for PX120903_Diagnosed_Physical_Disability

dbGAP Study	dbGAP Variable	dbGAP Variable Description
DCCT-EDIC Clinical Trial and Follow-up of Persons with Type 1 Diabetes	phv00051123	C3b. Disability that interferes/activities

Mapping for PX120903_Engage_In_Role_Play

dbGAP Study	dbGAP Variable	dbGAP Variable Description
Dietary Supplements for the Treatment of Angelman Syndrome	phv00262894	Imaginative play
International Multi-Center ADHD Genetics Project	phv00011430	Lack of pretend play - autism spectrum disorders - PACS section 4, age 4
International Multi-Center ADHD Genetics Project	phv00011431	Lack of pretend play - autism spectrum disorders - PACS section 4, now

Mapping for PX120903_Enjoy_Repetition

dbGAP Study	dbGAP Variable	dbGAP Variable Description
International Multi-Center ADHD Genetics Project	phv00011166	Things must be done the same way every time.
International Multi-Center ADHD Genetics Project	phv00011266	Things must be done in the same way every time

Mapping for PX120903_Get_Dressed

dbGAP Study	dbGAP Variable	dbGAP Variable Description
Coenzyme Q10 (CoQ) in Huntington's Disease (HD) (2CARE)	phv00261770	57. Dress himself/herself without help
GenADA/LONG/Imaging (Genetic Alzheimer's Disease Associations)	phv00081138	Dressing ability

Mapping for PX120903_Make_Eye_Contact

dbGAP Study	dbGAP Variable	dbGAP Variable Description
Dietary Supplements for the Treatment of Angelman Syndrome	phv00262862	Unusual Eye Contact
Dietary Supplements for the Treatment of Angelman Syndrome	phv00264328	E Eye contact
Whole Genome Association Study of Bipolar Disorder	phv00013280	U4. Poor eye contact. The patient avoids eye contact or stares through interviewer even when speaking. (Participants with European ancestry). DIGS2
Whole Genome Association Study of Bipolar Disorder	phv00016845	U4. Poor Eye Contact, (Participants with European ancestry). DIGS3
Whole Genome Association Study of Bipolar Disorder	phv00016890	W1. Eye Contact, (Participants with European ancestry). DIGS3
Whole Genome Association Study of Bipolar Disorder	phv00019384	U4. Poor eye contact. (Participants with European ancestry). DIGS4
Whole Genome Association Study of Bipolar Disorder	phv00053336	U4 Poor eye contact, (African American participants). DIGS4

Protocol - Symptoms of Autism Spectrum Disorders - Child

Related Protocols:

Essential Protocols:

Description

Specific Instructions

Availability

Protocol

Personnel and Training Required

Equipment Needs

Requirements

Mode of Administration

Lifestage

Participants

Selection Rationale

Language

Standards

Derived Variables

Process and Review

Protocol Name from Source

Source

General References

Protocol ID

Variables

Measure Name

Release Date

Definition

Purpose

Keywords

Measure Protocols

Publications