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Protocol - Emotional State - Child

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Description

The Positive Affect and Negative Affect Schedule-Child Form (PANAS-C) is a 30-item, self-report questionnaire used to measure the respondent’s emotions during the past few weeks. The items are grouped into the subscales indicated in the title of the protocol: positive affect and negative affect. The respondent is asked to read several words that describe feelings and emotions and enter a number that corresponds to the value on a scale. The 5-item scale ranges from "not much or not at all," with a value of 1, to "a lot," with a value of 5.

Specific Instructions

The PANAS-C is copyrighted by Dr. David Watson and Dr. Lee Anna Clark of the University of Notre Dame. All printed versions of the instrument (including online protocols) must contain the following copyright information:

Adapted from Watson, D. & Clark, L.A. (1999). The PANAS-X: Manual for the Positive and Negative Affect Schedule-Expanded Form-Revised. Copyright 1994 by D. Watson and L. A. Clark; all rights reserved. PANAS-X adapted with permission.

Permission to use or reproduce the PANAS-C is granted for non-commercial applications only. Any commercial use of the PANAS-C requires the express written permission of Dr. Watson and Dr. Clark

Availability

Available

Protocol

Feelings and Emotions (PANAS-C)

This scale consists of a number of words that describe different feelings and emotions.

Read each item and then circle the appropriate answer next to that word.

Indicate how much you have felt this way during the past few weeks.

Not much or not at all

A little

Some

Quite a bit

A lot

Interested

1

2

3

4

5

Sad

1

2

3

4

5

Frightened

1

2

3

4

5

Alert

1

2

3

4

5

Excited

1

2

3

4

5

Ashamed

1

2

3

4

5

Upset

1

2

3

4

5

Happy

1

2

3

4

5

Strong

1

2

3

4

5

Nervous

1

2

3

4

5

Guilty

1

2

3

4

5

Energetic

1

2

3

4

5

Scared

1

2

3

4

5

Calm

1

2

3

4

5

Miserable

1

2

3

4

5

Jittery

1

2

3

4

5

Cheerful

1

2

3

4

5

Active

1

2

3

4

5

Proud

1

2

3

4

5

Afraid

1

2

3

4

5

Joyful

1

2

3

4

5

Lonely

1

2

3

4

5

Mad

1

2

3

4

5

Fearless

1

2

3

4

5

Disgusted

1

2

3

4

5

Delighted

1

2

3

4

5

Blue

1

2

3

4

5

Daring

1

2

3

4

5

Gloomy

1

2

3

4

5

Lively

1

2

3

4

5

PANAS-C SCORING SHEET

Instructions: Record the child or adolescents rating for each item in the appropriate blank.

Ratings are from 1 to 5. To obtain the score for the positive affect (PA) scale, add the raw scores for the 12 items that compose the PA scale. Similarly, adding the raw scores for the 15 items that compose the negative affect (NA) scale results in the score for the NA scale.

Positive Affect (rated 1-5) _______Negative Affect (rated 1-5) _______
Interested _______ Sad _______
Excited _______Frightened _______
Happy _______Ashamed _______
Strong _______Upset _______
Energetic _______Nervous _______
Calm _______Guilty _______
Cheerful _______Scared _______
Active _______Miserable _______
Proud _______Jittery _______
Joyful _______Afraid _______
Delighted _______Lonely _______
Lively _______Mad _______
Disgusted _______
Blue _______
Gloomy _______

PA Total _______

NA Total _______

Adapted from Watson, D. & Clark, L.A. (1999). The PANAS-X: Manual for the Positive and Negative Affect Schedule-Expanded Form-Revised. Copyright 1994 by D. Watson and L. A. Clark; all rights reserved. PANAS-X adapted with permission.

Personnel and Training Required

None

Equipment Needs

None

Requirements
Requirement CategoryRequired
Major equipment No
Specialized training No
Specialized requirements for biospecimen collection No
Average time of greater than 15 minutes in an unaffected individual No
Mode of Administration

Self-administered questionnaire

Lifestage

Child, Adolescent

Participants

Ages 9-17 years

Selection Rationale

The Positive Affect and Negative Affect Schedule-Child Form (PANAS-C) is a brief instrument derived from the well-established PANAS, PANAS-Expanded Form (PANAS-X), and other emotion scales. The PANAS-C has been used successfully on large studies of children and exhibits high reliability and good convergent and discriminant validity.

Language

English

Standards
StandardNameIDSource
Logical Observation Identifiers Names and Codes (LOINC) Emotional state - child proto 62924-6 LOINC
Human Phenotype Ontology Abnormal emotion/affect behavior HP:0100851 HPO
caDSR Form PhenX PX180502 - Emotional State Child Protocol 6189235 caDSR Form
Derived Variables

None

Process and Review

Expert Review Panel 4 (ERP 4) reviewed the measures in the Neurology, Psychiatric, and Psychosocial domains.

Guidance from ERP 4 included the following:

· No changes

Protocol Name from Source

Positive Affect and Negative Affect Schedule-Child Form (PANAS-C)

Source

Laurent, J., Catanzaro, S. J., Joiner, T. E., Jr., Rudolph, K. D., Potter, K. I., Lambert, S., Osborne, L., & Gathright, T. (1999). A measure of positive and negative affect for children: Scale development and preliminary validation. Psychological Assessment, 11(3), 326-338.

General References

Laurent, J., Catanzaro, S. J., & Joiner, T. E., Jr. (2004). Development and preliminary validation of the Physiological Hyperarousal Scale for Children. Psychological Assessment, 16(4), 373-380.

Protocol ID

180502

Variables
Export Variables
Variable Name Variable IDVariable DescriptiondbGaP Mapping
PX180502_Active
PX180502180000 Active Variable Mapping
PX180502_Afraid
PX180502200000 Afraid N/A
PX180502_Alert
PX180502040000 Alert Variable Mapping
PX180502_Ashamed
PX180502060000 Ashamed N/A
PX180502_Blue
PX180502270000 Blue Variable Mapping
PX180502_Calm
PX180502140000 Calm Variable Mapping
PX180502_Cheerful
PX180502170000 Cheerful Variable Mapping
PX180502_Daring
PX180502280000 Daring N/A
PX180502_Delighted
PX180502260000 Delighted N/A
PX180502_Disgusted
PX180502250000 Disgusted N/A
PX180502_Energetic
PX180502120000 Energetic Variable Mapping
PX180502_Excited
PX180502050000 Excited N/A
PX180502_Fearless
PX180502240000 Fearless N/A
PX180502_Frightened
PX180502030000 Frightened Variable Mapping
PX180502_Gloomy
PX180502290000 Gloomy Variable Mapping
PX180502_Guilty
PX180502110000 Guilty Variable Mapping
PX180502_Happy
PX180502080000 Happy Variable Mapping
PX180502_Interested
PX180502010000 Interested N/A
PX180502_Jittery
PX180502160000 Jittery Variable Mapping
PX180502_Joyful
PX180502210000 Joyful Variable Mapping
PX180502_Lively
PX180502300000 Lively Variable Mapping
PX180502_Lonely
PX180502220000 Lonely Variable Mapping
PX180502_Mad
PX180502230000 Mad Variable Mapping
PX180502_Miserable
PX180502150000 Miserable N/A
PX180502_Nervous
PX180502100000 Nervous Variable Mapping
PX180502_Proud
PX180502190000 Proud N/A
PX180502_Sad
PX180502020000 Sad Variable Mapping
PX180502_Scared
PX180502130000 Scared Variable Mapping
PX180502_Strong
PX180502090000 Strong Variable Mapping
PX180502_Upset
PX180502070000 Upset Variable Mapping
Psychosocial
Measure Name

Emotional State

Release Date

December 13, 2010

Definition

This measure assesses positive and negative aspects of a person’s mood.

Purpose

The Positive Affect and Negative Affect Schedule (PANAS) measures the two broadest dimensions of emotional state (positive and negative affect). PANAS also includes subscales used to measure more specific emotions within these broad groupings. Positive affect and negative affect have been associated with mental health problems such as depression and anxiety.

Keywords

mood, feelings, emotions, anxiety, depression, stress, proprietary

Measure Protocols
Protocol ID Protocol Name
180501 Emotional State - Adult
180502 Emotional State - Child
Publications

Moore, T. M., et al. (2020) Development of a scale battery for rapid assessment of risk and resilience. Psychiatry Research. 2020 June; 288: 10. doi: 10.1016/j.psychres.2020.112996