Protocol - Emotional State - Child
- Chronic Stress
- Coping Styles - Adolescent
- Coping Styles - Adult
- General Distress Screener
- Perceived Stress
- Social Isolation
Description
The Positive Affect and Negative Affect Schedule-Child Form (PANAS-C) is a 30-item, self-report questionnaire used to measure the respondent’s emotions during the past few weeks. The items are grouped into the subscales indicated in the title of the protocol: positive affect and negative affect. The respondent is asked to read several words that describe feelings and emotions and enter a number that corresponds to the value on a scale. The 5-item scale ranges from "not much or not at all," with a value of 1, to "a lot," with a value of 5.
Specific Instructions
The PANAS-C is copyrighted by Dr. David Watson and Dr. Lee Anna Clark of the University of Notre Dame. All printed versions of the instrument (including online protocols) must contain the following copyright information:
Adapted from Watson, D. & Clark, L.A. (1999). The PANAS-X: Manual for the Positive and Negative Affect Schedule-Expanded Form-Revised. Copyright 1994 by D. Watson and L. A. Clark; all rights reserved. PANAS-X adapted with permission.
Permission to use or reproduce the PANAS-C is granted for non-commercial applications only. Any commercial use of the PANAS-C requires the express written permission of Dr. Watson and Dr. Clark
Availability
Protocol
Feelings and Emotions (PANAS-C)
This scale consists of a number of words that describe different feelings and emotions.
Read each item and then circle the appropriate answer next to that word.
Indicate how much you have felt this way during the past few weeks.
| Not much or not at all | A little | Some | Quite a bit | A lot | |
| Interested | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 |
| Sad | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 |
| Frightened | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 |
| Alert | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 |
| Excited | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 |
| Ashamed | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 |
| Upset | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 |
| Happy | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 |
| Strong | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 |
| Nervous | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 |
| Guilty | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 |
| Energetic | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 |
| Scared | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 |
| Calm | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 |
| Miserable | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 |
| Jittery | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 |
| Cheerful | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 |
| Active | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 |
| Proud | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 |
| Afraid | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 |
| Joyful | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 |
| Lonely | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 |
| Mad | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 |
| Fearless | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 |
| Disgusted | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 |
| Delighted | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 |
| Blue | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 |
| Daring | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 |
| Gloomy | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 |
| Lively | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 |
PANAS-C SCORING SHEET
Instructions: Record the child or adolescents rating for each item in the appropriate blank.
Ratings are from 1 to 5. To obtain the score for the positive affect (PA) scale, add the raw scores for the 12 items that compose the PA scale. Similarly, adding the raw scores for the 15 items that compose the negative affect (NA) scale results in the score for the NA scale.
| Positive Affect (rated 1-5) _______ | Negative Affect (rated 1-5) _______ |
| Interested _______ | Sad _______ |
| Excited _______ | Frightened _______ |
| Happy _______ | Ashamed _______ |
| Strong _______ | Upset _______ |
| Energetic _______ | Nervous _______ |
| Calm _______ | Guilty _______ |
| Cheerful _______ | Scared _______ |
| Active _______ | Miserable _______ |
| Proud _______ | Jittery _______ |
| Joyful _______ | Afraid _______ |
| Delighted _______ | Lonely _______ |
| Lively _______ | Mad _______ |
| Disgusted _______ | |
| Blue _______ | |
| Gloomy _______ | |
PA Total _______ | NA Total _______ |
Adapted from Watson, D. & Clark, L.A. (1999). The PANAS-X: Manual for the Positive and Negative Affect Schedule-Expanded Form-Revised. Copyright 1994 by D. Watson and L. A. Clark; all rights reserved. PANAS-X adapted with permission.
Personnel and Training Required
None
Equipment Needs
None
Requirements
| Requirement Category | Required |
|---|---|
| Major equipment | No |
| Specialized training | No |
| Specialized requirements for biospecimen collection | No |
| Average time of greater than 15 minutes in an unaffected individual | No |
Mode of Administration
Self-administered questionnaire
Lifestage
Child, Adolescent
Participants
Ages 9-17 years
Selection Rationale
The Positive Affect and Negative Affect Schedule-Child Form (PANAS-C) is a brief instrument derived from the well-established PANAS, PANAS-Expanded Form (PANAS-X), and other emotion scales. The PANAS-C has been used successfully on large studies of children and exhibits high reliability and good convergent and discriminant validity.
Language
English
Standards
| Standard | Name | ID | Source |
|---|---|---|---|
| Logical Observation Identifiers Names and Codes (LOINC) | Emotional state - child proto | 62924-6 | LOINC |
| Human Phenotype Ontology | Abnormal emotion/affect behavior | HP:0100851 | HPO |
| caDSR Form | PhenX PX180502 - Emotional State Child Protocol | 6189235 | caDSR Form |
Derived Variables
None
Process and Review
Expert Review Panel 4 (ERP 4) reviewed the measures in the Neurology, Psychiatric, and Psychosocial domains.
Guidance from ERP 4 included the following:
· No changes
Protocol Name from Source
Positive Affect and Negative Affect Schedule-Child Form (PANAS-C)
Source
Laurent, J., Catanzaro, S. J., Joiner, T. E., Jr., Rudolph, K. D., Potter, K. I., Lambert, S., Osborne, L., & Gathright, T. (1999). A measure of positive and negative affect for children: Scale development and preliminary validation. Psychological Assessment, 11(3), 326-338.
General References
Laurent, J., Catanzaro, S. J., & Joiner, T. E., Jr. (2004). Development and preliminary validation of the Physiological Hyperarousal Scale for Children. Psychological Assessment, 16(4), 373-380.
Protocol ID
180502
Variables
Export Variables| Variable Name | Variable ID | Variable Description | dbGaP Mapping | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| PX180502_Active | ||||
| PX180502180000 | Active | Variable Mapping | ||
| PX180502_Afraid | ||||
| PX180502200000 | Afraid | N/A | ||
| PX180502_Alert | ||||
| PX180502040000 | Alert | Variable Mapping | ||
| PX180502_Ashamed | ||||
| PX180502060000 | Ashamed | N/A | ||
| PX180502_Blue | ||||
| PX180502270000 | Blue | Variable Mapping | ||
| PX180502_Calm | ||||
| PX180502140000 | Calm | Variable Mapping | ||
| PX180502_Cheerful | ||||
| PX180502170000 | Cheerful | Variable Mapping | ||
| PX180502_Daring | ||||
| PX180502280000 | Daring | N/A | ||
| PX180502_Delighted | ||||
| PX180502260000 | Delighted | N/A | ||
| PX180502_Disgusted | ||||
| PX180502250000 | Disgusted | N/A | ||
| PX180502_Energetic | ||||
| PX180502120000 | Energetic | Variable Mapping | ||
| PX180502_Excited | ||||
| PX180502050000 | Excited | N/A | ||
| PX180502_Fearless | ||||
| PX180502240000 | Fearless | N/A | ||
| PX180502_Frightened | ||||
| PX180502030000 | Frightened | Variable Mapping | ||
| PX180502_Gloomy | ||||
| PX180502290000 | Gloomy | Variable Mapping | ||
| PX180502_Guilty | ||||
| PX180502110000 | Guilty | Variable Mapping | ||
| PX180502_Happy | ||||
| PX180502080000 | Happy | Variable Mapping | ||
| PX180502_Interested | ||||
| PX180502010000 | Interested | N/A | ||
| PX180502_Jittery | ||||
| PX180502160000 | Jittery | Variable Mapping | ||
| PX180502_Joyful | ||||
| PX180502210000 | Joyful | Variable Mapping | ||
| PX180502_Lively | ||||
| PX180502300000 | Lively | Variable Mapping | ||
| PX180502_Lonely | ||||
| PX180502220000 | Lonely | Variable Mapping | ||
| PX180502_Mad | ||||
| PX180502230000 | Mad | Variable Mapping | ||
| PX180502_Miserable | ||||
| PX180502150000 | Miserable | N/A | ||
| PX180502_Nervous | ||||
| PX180502100000 | Nervous | Variable Mapping | ||
| PX180502_Proud | ||||
| PX180502190000 | Proud | N/A | ||
| PX180502_Sad | ||||
| PX180502020000 | Sad | Variable Mapping | ||
| PX180502_Scared | ||||
| PX180502130000 | Scared | Variable Mapping | ||
| PX180502_Strong | ||||
| PX180502090000 | Strong | Variable Mapping | ||
| PX180502_Upset | ||||
| PX180502070000 | Upset | Variable Mapping | ||
Measure Name
Emotional State
Release Date
December 13, 2010
Definition
This measure assesses positive and negative aspects of a person’s mood.
Purpose
The Positive Affect and Negative Affect Schedule (PANAS) measures the two broadest dimensions of emotional state (positive and negative affect). PANAS also includes subscales used to measure more specific emotions within these broad groupings. Positive affect and negative affect have been associated with mental health problems such as depression and anxiety.
Keywords
mood, feelings, emotions, anxiety, depression, stress, proprietary
Measure Protocols
| Protocol ID | Protocol Name |
|---|---|
| 180501 | Emotional State - Adult |
| 180502 | Emotional State - Child |
Publications
Moore, T. M., et al. (2020) Development of a scale battery for rapid assessment of risk and resilience. Psychiatry Research. 2020 June; 288: 10. doi: 10.1016/j.psychres.2020.112996