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Protocol - Racial/Ethnic Discrimination - Recent and Lifetime

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Description

The GED Scale is an 18-item instrument with three sub questions per item that addresses discrimination prevalence and related stress in the last year and over one’s lifetime. Each question is rated on a 6-point Likert scale.

Specific Instructions

None

Protocol

  1. How often have you been treated unfairly by teachers and professors because of your race/ethnic group?

    1. 1.a. How often in the past year?

      1. [ ] 1 Never
      2. [ ] 2 Once in a while
      3. [ ] 3 Sometimes
      4. [ ] 4 A lot
      5. [ ] 5 Most of the time
      6. [ ] 6 Almost all the time

    2. 1.b. How often in your entire life?

      1. [ ] 1 Never
      2. [ ] 2 Once in a while
      3. [ ] 3 Sometimes
      4. [ ] 4 A lot
      5. [ ] 5 Most of the time
      6. [ ] 6 Almost all the time

    3. 1.c. How stressful was this for you?

      1. [ ] 1 Not at all stressful
      2. [ ] 2
      3. [ ] 3
      4. [ ] 4
      5. [ ] 5
      6. [ ] 6 Extremely stressful
  2. How often have you been treated unfairly by employers, bosses and supervisors because of your race/ethnic group?

    1. 2.a. How often in the past year?

      1. [ ] 1 Never
      2. [ ] 2 Once in a while
      3. [ ] 3 Sometimes
      4. [ ] 4 A lot
      5. [ ] 5 Most of the time
      6. [ ] 6 Almost all the time

    2. 2.b. How often in your entire life?

      1. [ ] 1 Never
      2. [ ] 2 Once in a while
      3. [ ] 3 Sometimes
      4. [ ] 4 A lot
      5. [ ] 5 Most of the time
      6. [ ] 6 Almost all the time

    3. 2.c. How stressful was this for you?

      1. [ ] 1 Not at all stressful
      2. [ ] 2
      3. [ ] 3
      4. [ ] 4
      5. [ ] 5
      6. [ ] 6 Extremely stressful
  3. How often have you been treated unfairly by your co-workers, fellow students, and colleagues because of your race/ethnic group?

    1. 3.a. How often in the past year?

      1. [ ] 1 Never
      2. [ ] 2 Once in a while
      3. [ ] 3 Sometimes
      4. [ ] 4 A lot
      5. [ ] 5 Most of the time
      6. [ ] 6 Almost all the time

    2. 3.b. How often in your entire life?

      1. [ ] 1 Never
      2. [ ] 2 Once in a while
      3. [ ] 3 Sometimes
      4. [ ] 4 A lot
      5. [ ] 5 Most of the time
      6. [ ] 6 Almost all the time

    3. 3.c. How stressful was this for you?

      1. [ ] 1 Not at all stressful
      2. [ ] 2
      3. [ ] 3
      4. [ ] 4
      5. [ ] 5
      6. [ ] 6 Extremely stressful
  4. How often have you been treated unfairly by people in service jobs (by store clerks, waiters, bartenders, bank tellers and others) because of your race/ethnic group?

    1. 4.a. How often in the past year?

      1. [ ] 1 Never
      2. [ ] 2 Once in a while
      3. [ ] 3 Sometimes
      4. [ ] 4 A lot
      5. [ ] 5 Most of the time
      6. [ ] 6 Almost all the time

    2. 4.b. How often in your entire life?

      1. [ ] 1 Never
      2. [ ] 2 Once in a while
      3. [ ] 3 Sometimes
      4. [ ] 4 A lot
      5. [ ] 5 Most of the time
      6. [ ] 6 Almost all the time

    3. 4.c. How stressful was this for you?

      1. [ ] 1 Not at all stressful
      2. [ ] 2
      3. [ ] 3
      4. [ ] 4
      5. [ ] 5
      6. [ ] 6 Extremely stressful
  5. How often have you been treated unfairly by strangers because of your race/ethnic group?

    1. 5.a. How often in the past year?

      1. [ ] 1 Never
      2. [ ] 2 Once in a while
      3. [ ] 3 Sometimes
      4. [ ] 4 A lot
      5. [ ] 5 Most of the time
      6. [ ] 6 Almost all the time

    2. 5.b. How often in your entire life?

      1. [ ] 1 Never
      2. [ ] 2 Once in a while
      3. [ ] 3 Sometimes
      4. [ ] 4 A lot
      5. [ ] 5 Most of the time
      6. [ ] 6 Almost all the time

    3. 5.c. How stressful was this for you?

      1. [ ] 1 Not at all stressful
      2. [ ] 2
      3. [ ] 3
      4. [ ] 4
      5. [ ] 5
      6. [ ] 6 Extremely stressful
  6. How often have you been treated unfairly by people in helping jobs (by doctors, nurses, psychiatrists, case workers, dentists, school counselors, therapists, social workers and others) because of your race/ethnic group?

    1. 6.a. How often in the past year?

      1. [ ] 1 Never
      2. [ ] 2 Once in a while
      3. [ ] 3 Sometimes
      4. [ ] 4 A lot
      5. [ ] 5 Most of the time
      6. [ ] 6 Almost all the time

    2. 6.b. How often in your entire life?

      1. [ ] 1 Never
      2. [ ] 2 Once in a while
      3. [ ] 3 Sometimes
      4. [ ] 4 A lot
      5. [ ] 5 Most of the time
      6. [ ] 6 Almost all the time

    3. 6.c. How stressful was this for you?

      1. [ ] 1 Not at all stressful
      2. [ ] 2
      3. [ ] 3
      4. [ ] 4
      5. [ ] 5
      6. [ ] 6 Extremely stressful
  7. How often have you been treated unfairly by neighbors because of your race/ethnic group?

    1. 7.a. How often in the past year?

      1. [ ] 1 Never
      2. [ ] 2 Once in a while
      3. [ ] 3 Sometimes
      4. [ ] 4 A lot
      5. [ ] 5 Most of the time
      6. [ ] 6 Almost all the time

    2. 7.b. How often in your entire life?

      1. [ ] 1 Never
      2. [ ] 2 Once in a while
      3. [ ] 3 Sometimes
      4. [ ] 4 A lot
      5. [ ] 5 Most of the time
      6. [ ] 6 Almost all the time

    3. 7.c. How stressful was this for you?

      1. [ ] 1 Not at all stressful
      2. [ ] 2
      3. [ ] 3
      4. [ ] 4
      5. [ ] 5
      6. [ ] 6 Extremely stressful
  8. How often have you been treated unfairly by institutions (schools, universities, law firms, the police, the courts, the Department of Social Services, the Unemployment Office and others) because of your race/ethnic group?

    1. 8.a. How often in the past year?

      1. [ ] 1 Never
      2. [ ] 2 Once in a while
      3. [ ] 3 Sometimes
      4. [ ] 4 A lot
      5. [ ] 5 Most of the time
      6. [ ] 6 Almost all the time

    2. 8.b. How often in your entire life?

      1. [ ] 1 Never
      2. [ ] 2 Once in a while
      3. [ ] 3 Sometimes
      4. [ ] 4 A lot
      5. [ ] 5 Most of the time
      6. [ ] 6 Almost all the time

    3. 8.c How stressful was this for you?

      1. [ ] 1 Not at all stressful
      2. [ ] 2
      3. [ ] 3
      4. [ ] 4
      5. [ ] 5
      6. [ ] 6 Extremely stressful
  9. How often have you been treated unfairly by people that you thought were your friends because of your race/ethnic group?

    1. 9.a How often in the past year?

      1. [ ] 1 Never
      2. [ ] 2 Once in a while
      3. [ ] 3 Sometimes
      4. [ ] 4 A lot
      5. [ ] 5 Most of the time
      6. [ ] 6 Almost all the time

    2. 9.b. How often in your entire life?

      1. [ ] 1 Never
      2. [ ] 2 Once in a while
      3. [ ] 3 Sometimes
      4. [ ] 4 A lot
      5. [ ] 5 Most of the time
      6. [ ] 6 Almost all the time

    3. 9.c. How stressful was this for you?

      1. [ ] 1 Not at all stressful
      2. [ ] 2
      3. [ ] 3
      4. [ ] 4
      5. [ ] 5
      6. [ ] 6 Extremely stressful
  10. How often have you been accused or suspected of doing something wrong (such as stealing, cheating, not doing your share of the work, or breaking the law) because of your race/ethnic group?

    1. 10.a. How often in the past year?

      1. [ ] 1 Never
      2. [ ] 2 Once in a while
      3. [ ] 3 Sometimes
      4. [ ] 4 A lot
      5. [ ] 5 Most of the time
      6. [ ] 6 Almost all the time

    2. 10.b. How often in your entire life?

      1. [ ] 1 Never
      2. [ ] 2 Once in a while
      3. [ ] 3 Sometimes
      4. [ ] 4 A lot
      5. [ ] 5 Most of the time
      6. [ ] 6 Almost all the time

    3. 10.c. How stressful was this for you?

      1. [ ] 1 Not at all stressful
      2. [ ] 2
      3. [ ] 3
      4. [ ] 4
      5. [ ] 5
      6. [ ] 6 Extremely stressful
  11. How often have people misunderstood your intentions and motives because of your race/ethnic group?

    1. 11.a. How often in the past year?

      1. [ ] 1 Never
      2. [ ] 2 Once in a while
      3. [ ] 3 Sometimes
      4. [ ] 4 A lot
      5. [ ] 5 Most of the time
      6. [ ] 6 Almost all the time

    2. 11.b. How often in your entire life?

      1. [ ] 1 Never
      2. [ ] 2 Once in a while
      3. [ ] 3 Sometimes
      4. [ ] 4 A lot
      5. [ ] 5 Most of the time
      6. [ ] 6 Almost all the time

    3. 11.c. How stressful was this for you?

      1. [ ] 1 Not at all stressful
      2. [ ] 2
      3. [ ] 3
      4. [ ] 4
      5. [ ] 5
      6. [ ] 6 Extremely stressful
  12. How often did you want to tell someone off for being racist towards you but didn’t say anything?

    1. 12.a. How often in the past year?

      1. [ ] 1 Never
      2. [ ] 2 Once in a while
      3. [ ] 3 Sometimes
      4. [ ] 4 A lot
      5. [ ] 5 Most of the time
      6. [ ] 6 Almost all the time

    2. 12.b. How often in your entire life?

      1. [ ] 1 Never
      2. [ ] 2 Once in a while
      3. [ ] 3 Sometimes
      4. [ ] 4 A lot
      5. [ ] 5 Most of the time
      6. [ ] 6 Almost all the time

    3. 12.c. How stressful was this for you?

      1. [ ] 1 Not at all stressful
      2. [ ] 2
      3. [ ] 3
      4. [ ] 4
      5. [ ] 5
      6. [ ] 6 Extremely stressful
  13. How often have you been really angry about something racist that was done to you?

    1. 13.a. How often in the past year?

      1. [ ] 1 Never
      2. [ ] 2 Once in a while
      3. [ ] 3 Sometimes
      4. [ ] 4 A lot
      5. [ ] 5 Most of the time
      6. [ ] 6 Almost all the time

    2. 13.b. How often in your entire life?

      1. [ ] 1 Never
      2. [ ] 2 Once in a while
      3. [ ] 3 Sometimes
      4. [ ] 4 A lot
      5. [ ] 5 Most of the time
      6. [ ] 6 Almost all the time

    3. 13.c. How stressful was this for you?

      1. [ ] 1 Not at all stressful
      2. [ ] 2
      3. [ ] 3
      4. [ ] 4
      5. [ ] 5
      6. [ ] 6 Extremely stressful
  14. How often have you been forced to take drastic steps (such as filing a grievance, filing a lawsuit, quitting your job, moving away, and other actions) to deal with some racist thing that was done towards you?

    1. 14.a. How often in the past year?

      1. [ ] 1 Never
      2. [ ] 2 Once in a while
      3. [ ] 3 Sometimes
      4. [ ] 4 A lot
      5. [ ] 5 Most of the time
      6. [ ] 6 Almost all the time

    2. 14.b. How often in your entire life?

      1. [ ] 1 Never
      2. [ ] 2 Once in a while
      3. [ ] 3 Sometimes
      4. [ ] 4 A lot
      5. [ ] 5 Most of the time
      6. [ ] 6 Almost all the time

    3. 14.c. How stressful was this for you?

      1. [ ] 1 Not at all stressful
      2. [ ] 2
      3. [ ] 3
      4. [ ] 4
      5. [ ] 5
      6. [ ] 6 Extremely stressful
  15. How often have you been called a racist name?

    1. 15.a. How often in the past year?

      1. [ ] 1 Never
      2. [ ] 2 Once in a while
      3. [ ] 3 Sometimes
      4. [ ] 4 A lot
      5. [ ] 5 Most of the time
      6. [ ] 6 Almost all the time

    2. 15.b. How often in your entire life?

      1. [ ] 1 Never
      2. [ ] 2 Once in a while
      3. [ ] 3 Sometimes
      4. [ ] 4 A lot
      5. [ ] 5 Most of the time
      6. [ ] 6 Almost all the time

    3. 15.c. How stressful was this for you?

      1. [ ] 1 Not at all stressful
      2. [ ] 2
      3. [ ] 3
      4. [ ] 4
      5. [ ] 5
      6. [ ] 6 Extremely stressful
  16. How often have you gotten into an argument or a fight about something racist that was done to you or done to another member or your race/ethnic group?

    1. 16.a. How often in the past year?

      1. [ ] 1 Never
      2. [ ] 2 Once in a while
      3. [ ] 3 Sometimes
      4. [ ] 4 A lot
      5. [ ] 5 Most of the time
      6. [ ] 6 Almost all the time

    2. 16.b. How often in your entire life?

      1. [ ] 1 Never
      2. [ ] 2 Once in a while
      3. [ ] 3 Sometimes
      4. [ ] 4 A lot
      5. [ ] 5 Most of the time
      6. [ ] 6 Almost all the time

    3. 16.c. How stressful was this for you?

      1. [ ] 1 Not at all stressful
      2. [ ] 2
      3. [ ] 3
      4. [ ] 4
      5. [ ] 5
      6. [ ] 6 Extremely stressful
  17. How often have you been made fun of, picked on, pushed, shoved, hit or threatened with harm because of your race/ethnic group?

    1. 17.a. How often in the past year?

      1. [ ] 1 Never
      2. [ ] 2 Once in a while
      3. [ ] 3 Sometimes
      4. [ ] 4 A lot
      5. [ ] 5 Most of the time
      6. [ ] 6 Almost all the time

    2. 17.b. How often in your entire life?

      1. [ ] 1 Never
      2. [ ] 2 Once in a while
      3. [ ] 3 Sometimes
      4. [ ] 4 A lot
      5. [ ] 5 Most of the time
      6. [ ] 6 Almost all the time

    3. 17.c. How stressful was this for you?

      1. [ ] 1 Not at all stressful
      2. [ ] 2
      3. [ ] 3
      4. [ ] 4
      5. [ ] 5
      6. [ ] 6 Extremely stressful
  18. How different would your life be now if you HAD NOT BEEN treated in a racist and unfair way

    1. 18.a. In the Past Year?

      1. [ ] 1 The Same as it is now
      2. [ ] 2 A little different
      3. [ ] 3 Different in a few ways
      4. [ ] 4 Different in a lot of ways
      5. [ ] 5 Different in most ways
      6. [ ] 6 Totally different

    2. 18.b. In your entire life?

      1. [ ] 1 The Same as it is now
      2. [ ] 2 A little different
      3. [ ] 3 Different in a few ways
      4. [ ] 4 Different in a lot of ways
      5. [ ] 5 Different in most ways
      6. [ ] 6 Totally different

    3. 18.c. How stressful was this for you?

      1. [ ] 1 Not at all stressful
      2. [ ] 2
      3. [ ] 3
      4. [ ] 4
      5. [ ] 5
      6. [ ] 6 Extremely stressful

Availability

Available

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Personnel and Training Required

None

Equipment Needs

None

Requirements
Requirement CategoryRequired
Major equipment No
Specialized training No
Specialized requirements for biospecimen collection No
Average time of greater than 15 minutes in an unaffected individual No
Mode of Administration

Self-administered questionnaire

Lifestage

Adult

Participants

Adults aged 18-86

Selection Rationale

The GED Scale measures the underlying construct of perceived ethnic discrimination equally well for a variety of ethnic groups and appears to have sufficient, initial psychometric integrity for use in research. The GED subscales have high internal-consistency reliability and low standard errors.

Language

English

Standards
StandardNameIDSource
caDSR Common Data Elements (CDE) Racial/Ethnic Discrimination - Recent and Lifetime 12114274 CDE Browser
Derived Variables

Recent Discrimination Subscale (range 18–108), Lifetime Discrimination Subscale (range 18–108), and Appraised Discrimination Subscale (range 17–102)

Process and Review

Not Applicable

Protocol Name from Source

The General Ethnic Discrimination (GED) Scale

Source

Landrine, H., Klonoff, E. A., Corral, I., Fernandez, S., & Roesch, S. (2006). Conceptualizing and measuring ethnic discrimination in health research. Journal of Behavioral Medicine, 29(1), 79-94. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10865-005-9029-0 

General References

Derogatis, L. R., Lipman, R. S., Rickles, K., Ulenhuth, E., and Covi, L. (1994). The Hopkins Symptom Checklist (HSCL): A self-report symptom inventory. Behavioral Science, 19(1), 1-15. https://doi.org/10.1002/bs.3830190102

Landrine, H., & Klonoff, E. A. (1996). The schedule of racist events: a measure of racial discrimination and a study of its negative physical and mental health consequences. Journal of Black Psychology, 22(2), 144-168. https://doi.org/10.1177/00957984960222002

Protocol ID

281501

Variables
Export Variables
Variable Name Variable IDVariable DescriptiondbGaP Mapping
Individual Social Determinants of Health
Measure Name

Racial/Ethnic Discrimination - Recent and Lifetime

Release Date

December 14, 2022

Definition

Discrimination is defined as negative actions or lack of consideration given to an individual or group that occurs because of a preconceived and unjustified opinion. It may encompass school, work, neighborhood, and healthcare interactions.

Purpose

To assess a person’s perception about the frequency of unfair treatment because of the individual’s racial/ethnic identity. It measures recent and lifetime discrimination in various work/life settings and levels of stress that these experiences caused.

Keywords

racial/ethnic discrimination - recent and lifetime, discrimination, racism, bias, stress, ethnicity, race, prejudice, trauma, Social environments

Measure Protocols
Protocol ID Protocol Name
281501 Racial/Ethnic Discrimination - Recent and Lifetime
Publications

There are no publications listed for this protocol.