Protocol - Trauma and Adversity Exposure - Military
Description
This protocol includes the following four self-reported, deployment-related subscales from the Deployment Risk and Resilience Inventory-2 (DRRI-2): Difficult Living and Working Environment (14 items); Combat Experiences (17 items); Aftermath of Battle (13 items); and Perceived Threat (12 items). Items are rated on Likert-style scales and added together to give a score for each scale.
Specific Instructions
The four subscales from the Deployment Risk and Resilience Inventory-2 (DRRI-2) included here address exposure to potentially traumatic events experienced by military service personnel. Self-report of exposure to these events may facilitate identification of an index trauma for the assessment of PTSD symptoms (e.g., the Clinician-Administered PTSD Scale [CAPS]-see PTSD Symptoms, Severity and Diagnosis).
For assessment of general (i.e., nonmilitary) potentially traumatic events, see the Life Events Checklist.
Availability
Protocol
Summary of the DRRI-2:
This protocol includes the following four deployment-related subscales from the Deployment Risk and Resilience Inventory-2 (DRRI-2): Difficult Living and Working Environment; Combat Experiences; Aftermath of Battle; and Perceived Threat.
Difficult Living and Working Environment Scale
14 items from Section C: Deployment Environment, including:
- Climate
- Food quality
- Access to bathroom
- Adequate shelter
- Ability to rest
- Heavy gear
Scoring:
Each item is rated on a 5-point Likert scale (1 = Almost none of the time; 5 = Almost all of the time). Scores are summed across all items for a range of 14 to 70. Higher scores are indicative of more difficult living and working environment.
Combat Experiences Scale
17 items from Section D: Combat Experiences, including:
- Witnessed someone (from unit or civilians) wounded or killed
- Exposed to hostile or friendly fire
- Part of convoy that was attacked
- Injured in combat-related incident
- Fired weapon at enemy
- Searched for or disarmed enemy
Scoring:
Each item is rated on a 6-point Likert scale (1 = Never; 6 = Daily or almost daily). Scores are summed across all items for a range of 17 to 102. Higher scores are indicative of greater exposure to combat.
Aftermath of Battle Scale
13 items from Section E: Postbattle Experiences, including:
- Saw refugees
- Cared for injured/dying people
- Saw wounded or disfigured civilians
- Saw bodies of enemy
- Interacted with detainees
- Handled human remains
Scoring:
Each item is rated on a 6-point Likert scale (1 = Never; 6 = Daily or almost daily). Scores are summed across all items for a range of 17 to 102. Higher scores are indicative of greater exposure to the aftermath of combat.
Perceived Threat (Section G: Deployment Concerns)
12 items from Section G: Deployment Concerns, including:
- Concerned health might suffer from nuclear, biological, chemical, or infectious agent
- Danger of being wounded
- Thought would not survive
- Concerned about being taken hostage
Scoring:
Each item is rated on a 5-point Likert scale (1 = Strongly agree; 5 = Strongly disagree). Scores are summed across all items for a range of 12 to 60. Higher scores are indicative of more perceived threat.
Self-report of exposure to these events may facilitate identification of an index trauma for the assessment of PTSD symptoms (e.g., the Clinician Administered PTSD Scale or CAPS-see PTSD Symptoms, Severity and Diagnosis measure in the PhenX Toolkit).
Availability:
The Deployment Risk and Resilience Inventory-2 (DRRI-2) is available for download from the National Center for PTSD at www.ptsd.va.gov.
Personnel and Training Required
None
Equipment Needs
None
Requirements
| Requirement Category | Required |
|---|---|
| Major equipment | No |
| Specialized training | No |
| Specialized requirements for biospecimen collection | No |
| Average time of greater than 15 minutes in an unaffected individual | No |
Mode of Administration
Self-administered questionnaire
Lifestage
Adult
Participants
Adults, ages 18 and older.
Selection Rationale
The Deployment Risk and Resilience Inventory-2 (DRRI-2) is a self-administered, widely-used, reliable, psychometrically sound instrument that captures deployment and warzone experiences relevant to contemporary warfare (e.g., recent wars in Iraq and Afghanistan) that have documented potential to affect the health and well-being of military personnel and veterans.
Language
English
Standards
| Standard | Name | ID | Source |
|---|---|---|---|
| Human Phenotype Ontology | Triggered by physical trauma | HP:0031135 | HPO |
| caDSR Form | PhenX PX630102 - Trauma And Adversity Exposure Military | 6231489 | caDSR Form |
Derived Variables
None
Process and Review
Not applicable.
Protocol Name from Source
Deployment Risk and Resilience Inventory-2 (DRRI-2): Difficult Living and Working Environment
Source
Vogt, D. S., Smith, B. N., King, L. A., King, D. W., Knight, J. A., & Vasterling, J. J. (2013). Deployment Risk and Resilience Inventory-2 (DRRI-2): An updated tool for assessing psychosocial risk and resilience factors among service members and veterans (PDF). Journal of Traumatic Stress, 26, 710-717. Instrument available from the National Center for PTSD at www.ptsd.va.gov.
General References
Kaloupek, D. G., Chard, K. M., Freed, M. C., Peterson, A. L., Riggs, D. S., Stein, M. B., & Tuma, F. (2010). Common data elements for posttraumatic stress disorder research. Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, 91(11), 1684-1191.
King, L. A., King, D. W., Vogt, D. S., Knight, J. A., & Samper, R. E. (2006) Deployment risk and resilience inventory: A collection of measures for studying deployment-related experiences of military personnel and veterans. Military Psychology, 18, 89-120.
Vogt, D., Smith, B. N., King, D. W., & King, L. A. (2012). Manual for the Deployment Risk and Resilience Inventory-2 (DRRI-2): A collection of measures for studying deployment-related experiences of military veterans. Boston, MA: National Center for PTSD. Available from the National Center for PTSD at www.ptsd.va.gov.
Vogt, D. S., Proctor, S. P., King, D. W., King, L. A., & Vasterling, J. J. (2008). Validation of scales from the Deployment Risk and Resilience Inventory in a sample of Operation Iraqi Freedom veterans. Assessment, 15(4), 391-403.
Protocol ID
630102
Variables
Export Variables| Variable Name | Variable ID | Variable Description | dbGaP Mapping | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| PX630102000000 | Protocol 630102 - proprietary. Check DCW for more | N/A | ||
Measure Name
Trauma and Adversity Exposure
Release Date
November 21, 2014
Definition
A questionnaire to assess the participant’s exposure to potentially traumatic events (PTEs).
Purpose
This measure is used to document exposure to potentially traumatic events (PTEs) that have sufficient characteristics (e.g., magnitude, proximity) to trigger a debilitating stress reaction and also to adversity that may amplify impact or impede recovery. Exposure to PTEs is associated with psychological and emotional distress, post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), depression, and substance abuse and also with increased use of health care services.
This measure includes two protocols. One protocol is used to screen the general population for lifetime exposure to PTEs. Cumulative exposure is associated with increased likelihood of developing PTSD after a new traumatic event. The other protocol is used to screen military populations for exposure to PTEs in a warzone or combat setting. Potentially traumatic exposures are common for military personnel in combat.
Keywords
trauma, potentially traumatic event, stress, stressor, post-traumatic stress disorder, PTSD
Measure Protocols
| Protocol ID | Protocol Name |
|---|---|
| 630101 | Trauma and Adversity Exposure - General |
| 630102 | Trauma and Adversity Exposure - Military |
Publications
There are no publications listed for this protocol.