Protocol - Sensitivity to Punishment/Sensitivity to Reward Questionnaire (SPSRQ)

Personnel and Training Required

None

Equipment Needs

None

Requirements

Requirement Category	Required
Major equipment	No
Specialized training	No
Specialized requirements for biospecimen collection	No
Average time of greater than 15 minutes in an unaffected individual	No

Mode of Administration

Self-administered questionnaire

Lifestage

Adolescent, Adult

Participants

Adolescents and adults, ages 14 and older

Selection Rationale

The Sensitivity to Punishment/Sensitivity to Reward Questionnaire (SPSRQ) is a validated, reliable, self-administered instrument that is easy to score and interpret. In comparison to other questionnaires that measure Reinforcement Sensitivity (e.g., the behavioral inhibition system/behavioral activation system [BIS/BAS] scales), the SPSRQ performs better in populations with eating disorders.

Language

English

Standards

Standard	Name	ID	Source
Human Phenotype Ontology	Addictive behavior	HP:0030858	HPO
Human Phenotype Ontology	Diminished motivation	HP:0000745	HPO
caDSR Form	PhenX PX540603 - Sensitivity To Punishment Sensitivity To Reward Question	6887060	caDSR Form

Derived Variables

None

Process and Review

The Expert Review Panel #3 (ERP 3) reviewed the measures in Alcohol, Tobacco and Other Substances, and Substance Abuse and Addiction domains.

Guidance from ERP 3 includes:

• No significant changes to measure

Back-compatible: NA no changes to Data Dictionary

Protocol Name from Source

Sensitivity to Punishment/Sensitivity to Reward Questionnaire (SPSRQ)

Source

Torrubia, R., Avila, C., Molto, J., & Caseras, X. (2001). The Sensitivity to Punishment and Sensitivity to Reward Questionnaire (SPSRQ) as a measure of Gray’s anxiety and impulsivity dimensions. Personality and Individual Differences, 31(6), 837-862.

General References

Beck, I., Smits, D. J. M., Claes, L., Vandereycken, W., & Bijttebier, P. (2009). Psychometric evaluation of the Behavioral Inhibition/Behavioral Activation System Scales and the Sensitivity to Punishment and Sensitivity to Reward Questionnaire in a sample of eating disordered patients. Personality and Individual Differences, 47, 407-412

Bijttebier, P., Beck, I., Claes, L., & Vandereycken, W. (2009). Gray’s reinforcement sensitivity theory as a framework for research on personality-psychopathology associations. Clinical Psychology Review, 29, 421-430.

Burgess, E. E., Turan, B., Lokken, K. L., Morse, A., & Boggiano, M. M. (2014). Profiling motives behind hedonic eating. Preliminary validation of the Palatable Eating Motives Scale. Appetite, 72, 66-72.

Carver, C. S., & White, T. L. (1994). Behavioral inhibition, behavioral activation, and affective responses to impending reward and punishment: The BIS/BAS scales. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 67(2), 319-333.

Cogswell, A., Alloy, L. B., van Dulmen M. H. M., & Fresco, D. M. (2006). A psychometric evaluation of behavioral inhibition and approach self-report measures. Personality and Individual Differences, 40, 1649-1658.

Davis, G. (2013). A narrative review of binge eating and addictive behaviors: Shared associations with seasonality and personality factors. Frontiers in Psychiatry, 4, 1-9.

Glashouwer, K. A., Bloot, L., Veenstra, E. M., Franken, I. H. A., & De Jong, P. J. (2014). Heightened sensitivity to punishment and reward in anorexia nervosa. Appetite, 75, 97-102.

Gray, J. A. (1981). A critique of Eysenck’s theory of personality. In H.J. Eysenck (ed.), A model for personality (pp. 246-276). New York: Springer.

Gray, J. A. (1982). Neuropsychological theory of anxiety. New York: Oxford University Press.

Hennegan, J. M., Loxton, N. J., & Mattar, A. (2013). Great expectations. Eating expectancies as mediators of reinforcement sensitivity and eating. Appetite, 71, 81-88.

Jappe, L. M., Frank, G. K. W., Shott, M. E., Rollin, M. D. H., Pryor, T., Hagman, J. O., Yang, T. T., & Davis, E. (2011). Heightened sensitivity to reward and punishment in anorexia nervosa. International Journal of Eating Disorders, 44, 317-324.

Matthews, G., & Gilliland, K. (1999). The personality theories of H. J. Eysenck and J. A. Gray: A comparative review. Personality and Individual Differences, 26, 583-626.

Matton, A., Goossens, L., Braet, C., & Vervaet, M. (2013). Punishment and reward sensitivity: Are naturally occurring clusters in these traits related to eating and weight problems in adolescents? European Eating Disorders Review, 21, 184-194.

Matton, A., Goossens, L., Vervaet, M., & Braet, C. (2015). Temperamental differences between adolescents and young adults with or without an eating disorder. Comprehensive Psychiatry 56, 229-238.

Zinbarg, R., & Revelle, W. (1989). Personality and conditioning: a test of four models. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 57(2), 301-314.

Protocol ID

540603

Variables

Export Variables

Variable Name	Variable ID	Variable Description	dbGaP Mapping
PX540603_SPSRQ_Associate_TastesSmells_Pleasant_Events
	PX540603320000	Is it easy for you to associate tastes and more smells to very pleasant events? show less	N/A
PX540603_SPSRQ_Avoid_Demonstrating_Fear_Embarrassment
	PX540603190000	Whenever possible, do you avoid more demonstrating your skills for fear of being embarrassed? show less	N/A
PX540603_SPSRQ_Avoid_Going_Unknown_Places
	PX540603290000	Whenever you can, do you avoid going to more unknown places? show less	N/A
PX540603_SPSRQ_Avoid_Public_Speaking
	PX540603350000	Do you generally try to avoid speaking in public?	N/A
PX540603_SPSRQ_BotheredTo_Return_Store_WrongChange
	PX540603270000	Would you be bothered if you had to return more to a store when you noticed you were given the wrong change? show less	N/A
PX540603_SPSRQ_CenterOf_Attention_PartySocialMeeting
	PX540603120000	Do you like being the center of attention at more a party or a social meeting? show less	N/A
PX540603_SPSRQ_Compete_DoEverything
	PX540603300000	Do you like to compete and do everything you more can to win? show less	N/A
PX540603_SPSRQ_Competitive_Ingredients_All_Activities
	PX540603440000	Do you like to put competitive ingredients more in all of your activities? show less	N/A
PX540603_SPSRQ_CouldDoMore_Without_InsecurityFear
	PX540603370000	Do you, on a regular basis, think that you more could do more things if it was not for your insecurity or fear? show less	N/A
PX540603_SPSRQ_Difficulty_Resisting_Temptation_ForbiddenThings
	PX540603280000	Do you often have trouble resisting the more temptation of doing forbidden things? show less	N/A
PX540603_SPSRQ_Difficulty_Sleep_ThingsToDo
	PX540603230000	Is it often difficult for you to fall asleep more when you think about things you have done or must do? show less	N/A
PX540603_SPSRQ_Difficulty_Telephone_Stranger
	PX540603070000	Is it difficult for you to telephone someone more you do not know? show less	N/A
PX540603_SPSRQ_Difficult_Ask_Boss_SalaryIncrease
	PX540603330000	Would it be difficult for you to ask your more boss for a raise (salary increase)? show less	N/A
PX540603_SPSRQ_Difficult_ToStop_SlotMachine
	PX540603360000	When you start to play with a slot machine, more is it often difficult for you to stop? show less	N/A
PX540603_SPSRQ_DiscouragedIn_Difficult_Situations
	PX540603150000	Are you easily discouraged in difficult more situations? show less	N/A
PX540603_SPSRQ_Display_PhysicalAbilities_Involve_Danger
	PX540603480000	Do you like displaying your physical more abilities even though this may involve danger? show less	N/A
PX540603_SPSRQ_DistractedFrom_Work_Attractive_Stranger
	PX540603400000	Does your attention easily stray from your more work in the presence of an attractive stranger? show less	N/A
PX540603_SPSRQ_Do_ThingsFor_Approval_AsChild
	PX540603220000	As a child, did you do a lot of things to more get people's approval? show less	N/A
PX540603_SPSRQ_Do_ThingsFor_QuickGains
	PX540603380000	Do you sometimes do things for quick gains?	N/A
PX540603_SPSRQ_Encouraged_ToAct_ToBe_Valued
	PX540603040000	Are you frequently encouraged to act by the more possibility of being valued in your work, in your studies, with your friends or with your family? show less	N/A
PX540603_SPSRQ_FearOf_Many_Things
	PX540603390000	Comparing yourself to people you know, are more you afraid of many things? show less	N/A
PX540603_SPSRQ_Get_Pleasure_From_Drugs
	PX540603080000	Do you like to take some drugs because of more the pleasure you get from them? show less	N/A
PX540603_SPSRQ_GivePreferenceTo_Activities_With_ImmediateGain
	PX540603260000	Do you generally give preferences to those more activities that imply an immediate gain? show less	N/A
PX540603_SPSRQ_Group_Difficulty_Discussion_Topic
	PX540603210000	When you are with a group, do you have more difficulties selecting a good topic to talk about? show less	N/A
PX540603_SPSRQ_ImportanceOn_PossibilityOf_Failure
	PX540603130000	In tasks that you are not prepared for, do more you attach great importance to the possibility of failure? show less	N/A
PX540603_SPSRQ_InGroup_Make_MostIntelligentFunniest_Comments
	PX540603180000	When you are in a group, do you try to make more your opinions the most intelligent or the funniest? show less	N/A
PX540603_SPSRQ_Meet_People_Physically_Attractive
	PX540603060000	Do you often meet people that you find more physically attractive? show less	N/A
PX540603_SPSRQ_Money_Motivate_Risky_Jobs
	PX540603420000	Are you interested in money to the point of more being able to do risky jobs? show less	N/A
PX540603_SPSRQ_More_Attention_To_Threats
	PX540603450000	Generally, do you pay more attention to more threats than to pleasant events? show less	N/A
PX540603_SPSRQ_Need_Constant_ShowOf_Affection
	PX540603160000	Do you need people to show their affection more for you all the time? show less	N/A
PX540603_SPSRQ_NotDoSomething_Fear_Legality
	PX540603010000	Do you often refrain from doing something more because you are afraid of it being illegal? show less	N/A
PX540603_SPSRQ_NotToAskWhen_NotSure_Obtainable
	PX540603030000	Do you prefer not to ask for something when more you are not sure you will obtain it? show less	N/A
PX540603_SPSRQ_Objects_Sensations_Reminder_PleasantEvents
	PX540603340000	Are there a large number of objects or more sensations that remind you of pleasant events? show less	N/A
PX540603_SPSRQ_Often_Afraid_NewUnexpected_Situations
	PX540603050000	Are you often afraid of new or unexpected more situations? show less	N/A
PX540603_SPSRQ_Often_Do_Things_ForPraise
	PX540603100000	Do you often do things to be praised?	N/A
PX540603_SPSRQ_Often_PickUp_Attractive_People
	PX540603200000	Do you often take the opportunity to pick up more people you find attractive? show less	N/A
PX540603_SPSRQ_ProspectOf_Money_Motivation
	PX540603020000	Does the good prospect of obtaining money more motivate you strongly to do some things? show less	N/A
PX540603_SPSRQ_Refrain_DoingSomething_Avoid_DisapprovalRejection
	PX540603430000	Do you often refrain from doing something more you like in order not to be rejected or disapproved of by others? show less	N/A
PX540603_SPSRQ_Refrain_DoingSomething_Fear_Embarrassment
	PX540603470000	Do you often refrain from doing something more because of your fear of being embarrassed? show less	N/A
PX540603_SPSRQ_Renounce_Rights_Avoid_Quarrel
	PX540603090000	Do you often renounce your rights when you more know you can avoid a quarrel with a person or an organization? show less	N/A
PX540603_SPSRQ_Shy_Person
	PX540603170000	Are you a shy person?	N/A
PX540603_SPSRQ_SocialAdvancement_Motivation_NotFairPlay
	PX540603240000	Does the possibility of social advancement, more move you to action, even if this involves not playing fair? show less	N/A
PX540603_SPSRQ_Socially_Powerful_Person
	PX540603460000	Would you like to be a socially powerful person?	N/A
PX540603_SPSRQ_ThinkBefore_Complaining_Restaurant_Meal
	PX540603250000	Do you think a lot before complaining in a more restaurant if your meal is not well prepared? show less	N/A
PX540603_SPSRQ_Time_Spent_Obtaining_Image
	PX540603140000	Do you spend a lot of your time on obtaining more a good image? show less	N/A
PX540603_SPSRQ_TroubledBy_Punishments_At_HomeSchool
	PX540603110000	As a child, were you troubled by punishments more at home or in school? show less	N/A
PX540603_SPSRQ_WorriedBy_Things_You_SaidDid
	PX540603310000	Are you often worried by things that you more said or did? show less	N/A
PX540603_SPSRQ_Worry_Impairs_intellectual_Performance
	PX540603410000	Do you often find yourself worrying about more things to the extent that performance in intellectual abilities is impaired? show less	N/A

Substance Use-related Psychosocial Risk Factors

Measure Name

Sensitivity to Reward and Punishment

Release Date

February 24, 2012

Definition

This measure assesses the participant’s sensitivity to two motivational systems: the behavioral inhibition system (BIS) and the behavioral activation system (BAS).

Purpose

The behavioral inhibition system (BIS) alerts the person to danger and punishment through feelings of anxiety and therefore inhibits behavior that leads to negative consequences. The behavioral activation system (BAS) alerts the person to reward through feelings of elation and therefore promotes behavior that leads to positive consequences. Various psychological disorders-such as attention-deficit and hyperactivity disorder, bipolar disorder, and substance abuse-may result from an imbalance in one motivational system or the other (Bijttebier et al., 2009).

Keywords

adolescent, Adult, BAS, Behavioral activation system, Behavioral inhibition system, BIS, Incentive, Motivation, personality, punishment, Reinforcement sensitivity, Reward, substance abuse, substance use, SAA, Substance Use-related Psychosocial Risk Factors

Measure Protocols

Protocol ID	Protocol Name
540601	Sensitivity to Reward and Punishment - Adolescent and Adult
540602	Sensitivity to Reward and Punishment - Child
540603	Sensitivity to Punishment/Sensitivity to Reward Questionnaire (SPSRQ)

Publications

There are no publications listed for this protocol.