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Protocol - Disruptive Behavior

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Description

The Disruptive Behavior Disorders Rating Scale (DBDRS) is a proxy-administered (parent or teacher) questionnaire that is based on Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 4th Edition (DSM-IV), diagnostic criteria for attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), oppositional defiant disorder (ODD), and conduct disorder (CD). As such, it includes subscales for inattention, hyperactivity-impulsivity, oppositional defiance, and conduct disorder. Each item is rated on a 4-point scale ranging from 0 ("not at all") to 3 ("very much"). Users can generate composite scores or scores for individual subscales. Scoring instructions hold for both DSM-IV and Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 5th Edition (DSM-5).

Specific Instructions

The Disruptive Behavior Disorders Rating Scale (DBDRS) includes items on attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). However, ADHD-related items have been excluded from this protocol. Please refer to the Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder Symptoms measures in the Psychiatric domain in the Toolkit.

Externalizing Behaviors in older adolescents and adults can be measured using the Crime and Delinquency protocols in the Psychosocial Domain.

Availability

Available

Protocol

Disruptive Behavior Disorders Rating Scale

Instructions:

Check the column that best describes your/this child. Please write DK next to any items for which you don’t know the answer.

1. Has run away from home overnight at least twice while living in parental or parental surrogate home (or once without returning for a lengthy period)

0[ ]Not at all

1[ ]Just a little

2[ ]Pretty much

3[ ]Very much

2. Often argues with adults

0[ ]Not at all

1[ ]Just a little

2[ ]Pretty much

3[ ]Very much

3. Often lies to obtain goods or favors or to avoid obligations (i.e., "cons" others)

0[ ]Not at all

1[ ]Just a little

2[ ]Pretty much

3[ ]Very much

4. Has been physically cruel to people

0[ ]Not at all

1[ ]Just a little

2[ ]Pretty much

3[ ]Very much

5. Has stolen items of nontrivial value without confronting a victim (e.g., shoplifting, but without breaking and entering; forgery)

0[ ]Not at all

1[ ]Just a little

2[ ]Pretty much

3[ ]Very much

6. Often truant from school, beginning before age 13 years

0[ ]Not at all

1[ ]Just a little

2[ ]Pretty much

3[ ]Very much

7. Is often spiteful or vindictive

0[ ]Not at all

1[ ]Just a little

2[ ]Pretty much

3[ ]Very much

8. Often blames others for his or her mistakes or misbehavior

0[ ]Not at all

1[ ]Just a little

2[ ]Pretty much

3[ ]Very much

9. Has deliberately destroyed others’ property (other than by fire setting)

0[ ]Not at all

1[ ]Just a little

2[ ]Pretty much

3[ ]Very much

10. Often actively defies or refuses to comply with adults’ requests or rules

0[ ]Not at all

1[ ]Just a little

2[ ]Pretty much

3[ ]Very much

11. Often initiates physical fights with others who do not live in his or her household (e.g., peers at school or in the neighborhood)

0[ ]Not at all

1[ ]Just a little

2[ ]Pretty much

3[ ]Very much

12. Is often angry and resentful

0[ ]Not at all

1[ ]Just a little

2[ ]Pretty much

3[ ]Very much

13. Is often touchy or easily annoyed by others

0[ ]Not at all

1[ ]Just a little

2[ ]Pretty much

3[ ]Very much

14. Often loses temper

0[ ]Not at all

1[ ]Just a little

2[ ]Pretty much

3[ ]Very much

15. Has forced someone into sexual activity

0[ ]Not at all

1[ ]Just a little

2[ ]Pretty much

3[ ]Very much

16. Often bullies, threatens, or intimidates others

0[ ]Not at all

1[ ]Just a little

2[ ]Pretty much

3[ ]Very much

17. Has been physically cruel to animals

0[ ]Not at all

1[ ]Just a little

2[ ]Pretty much

3[ ]Very much

18. Often stays out at night despite parental prohibitions, beginning before age 13 years

0[ ]Not at all

1[ ]Just a little

2[ ]Pretty much

3[ ]Very much

19. Often deliberately annoys people

0[ ]Not at all

1[ ]Just a little

2[ ]Pretty much

3[ ]Very much

20. Has stolen while confronting a victim (e.g., mugging, purse snatching, extortion, armed robbery)

0[ ]Not at all

1[ ]Just a little

2[ ]Pretty much

3[ ]Very much

21. Has deliberately engaged in fire setting with the intention of causing serious damage

0[ ]Not at all

1[ ]Just a little

2[ ]Pretty much

3[ ]Very much

22. Has broken into someone else’s house, building, or car

0[ ]Not at all

1[ ]Just a little

2[ ]Pretty much

3[ ]Very much

23. Has used a weapon that can cause serious physical harm to others (e.g., a bat, brick, broken bottle, knife, gun)

0[ ]Not at all

1[ ]Just a little

2[ ]Pretty much

3[ ]Very much

Scoring

There are two scoring approaches that can be used. The first relies on counting symptoms for each disorder using the Disruptive Behavior Disorders (DBD) rating scale and the second employs the use of average scale scores. Within each of these approaches, one has the option of using either the continuous/count score that is created, or of creating a diagnostic (0/1) assessment, depending on research needs. A continuous score provides more variance for predictive capacity; a diagnostic may have more clinical significance. Diagnosis using the scale score method involves comparing the target child’s scale scores on the DBD Rating Scale to established norms. The scale score method is preferable for diagnosis of females (e.g., using a 2 standard deviation cutoff), as the symptom counting method often results in underdiagnosis of female children.

Method 1: Counting Symptoms

To determine if a child meets the symptom criteria for DSM-IV [Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 4th Edition] or DSM-5 diagnoses of Oppositional Defiant Disorder [ODD] or Conduct Disorder as measured by the DBD Parent/Teacher Rating Scale, count the number of symptoms that are endorsed "pretty much" or "very much" by either parent or teacher in each of the following categories: Note that impairment and other criteria must be evaluated in addition to symptom counts.

Some impairment from the symptoms must be present in two or more settings (e.g., school, home).

Oppositional Defiant Disorder

_________Oppositional Defiant Disorder (items 2, 7, 8, 10, 12, 13, 14, 19)

A total of 4 or more items must be endorsed as "pretty much" or "very much" on either the parent or the teacher DBD to meet criteria for ODD.

Conduct Disorder

__________Conduct Disorder - aggression to people and animals (items 4, 11, 15, 16, 17, 23)

__________Conduct Disorder - destruction of property (items 9, 21)

__________Conduct Disorder - deceitfulness or theft (items 3, 5, 22)

__________Conduct Disorder - serious violation of rules (items 1, 6, 18)

For a Continuous/Count Measure

Add up the number of symptoms across all disorders to obtain the externalizing symptom count score.

For a Diagnostic Measure

A total of 3 or more items in any category or any combination of categories must be endorsed as "pretty much" or "very much" on either the parent or the teacher DBD to meet diagnostic criteria for Conduct Disorder.

Method 2: Using Scale Scores

Scale scores for the ODD dimensions for teacher ratings on the DBD are reported in Pelham, W. E., Jr., Gnagy, E. M., Greenslade, K. E., & Milich, R. (1992). Teacher ratings of DSM-III-R symptoms for the disruptive behavior disorders. Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 31, 210-218. The scores for DSM-IV scales are the same as for the DSM-III-R scales reported in that paper.

For a Continuous/Count Measure

To create a continuous measure of externalizing behavior, compute the average rating for the items for the externalizing scale (listed below) using the following scoring: Not at all = 0, Just a little = 1, Pretty Much = 2, Very much = 3.

Scale

_________Oppositional/Defiant (items 2, 7, 8, 10, 12, 13, 14, 19)

For a Diagnostic Measure

To determine a diagnostic measure based on how a child’s scores compare to normative data, compute the average rating for the items for the externalizing scale as above. Then, using the information from the table of norms in Pelham et al. (1992), determine where the child falls in relation to other children. A variety of cutoff scores can be used (e.g., 2 standard deviations above the mean).

Personnel and Training Required

None

Equipment Needs

None

Requirements
Requirement CategoryRequired
Major equipment No
Specialized training No
Specialized requirements for biospecimen collection No
Average time of greater than 15 minutes in an unaffected individual No
Mode of Administration

Self-administered questionnaire

Lifestage

Child, Adolescent

Participants

Parents and/or teachers of children aged 4-14 years (preschool- grade 8)

Selection Rationale

The Disruptive Behavior Disorders Rating Scale is a well-established protocol with good psychometric properties that is based on diagnostic criteria from the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 5th Edition (DSM-5).

Language

English, Spanish

Standards
StandardNameIDSource
Human Phenotype Ontology Behavioral abnormality HP:0000708 HPO
caDSR Form PhenX PX540201 - Externalizing Problems 6229351 caDSR Form
Derived Variables

None

Process and Review

The Expert Review Panel #3 (ERP 3) reviewed the measures in Alcohol, Tobacco and Other Substances, and Substance Abuse and Addiction domains.

Back-compatible: NA no changes to Data Dictionary

Previous version in Toolkit archive (link)

Protocol Name from Source

Disruptive Behavior Disorders Rating Scale (DBDRS)

Source

Center for Children and Families. (N.d.). Parent/Teacher Disruptive Behavior Disorder Rating Scale. Miami, FL: Florida International University.

General References

Barkley, R. A. (1997). Defiant children: A clinician’s manual for assessment and parent training (2nd ed.). New York, NY: Guilford.

Molina, B., & Pelham, W. (2003). Childhood predictors of adolescent substance use in a longitudinal study of children with ADHD. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 112, 497-507.

Molina, B., Pelham, W., Gnagy, E., Thompson, A., & Marshal, M. (2007). Attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder risk for heavy drinking and alcohol use disorder is age-specific. Alcoholism: Clinical and Experimental Research, 31, 643-654.

Molina, B., Smith, B., & Pelham, W. (2001). Factor structure and criterion validity of secondary school teacher ratings of ADHD and ODD. Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology, 29, 71-82.

Oldehinkel, A., & Hartman, C., (2004). Temperament profiles associated with internalizing and externalizing problems in preadolescence. Development and Psychopathology, 16, 421-440.

Pelham, W. E., Gnagy, E. M., Greenslade, K. E., & Milich, R. (1992). Teacher rating of DSM-III-R symptoms for disruptive behavior disorders. Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 31(2), 210-218.

Pelletier, J., Collett, B., Gimpel, G., & Crowley, S. (2006). Assessment of disruptive behaviors in preschoolers: Psychometric properties of the Disruptive Behavior Disorders Rating Scale and School Situations Questionnaire. Journal of Psychoeducational Assessment, 24(1), 3-18.

Protocol ID

540201

Variables
Export Variables
Variable Name Variable IDVariable DescriptiondbGaP Mapping
PX540201_Blames_Others_For_Mistakes
PX540201080000 Often blames others for his or her mistakes more
or misbehavior show less
N/A
PX540201_Broken_Into_House_Building_Car
PX540201220000 Has broken into someone else's house, more
building, or car show less
N/A
PX540201_Defies_Adults_Requests_Rules
PX540201100000 Often actively defies or refuses to comply more
with adults' requests or rules show less
N/A
PX540201_Deliberately_Destroyed_Property
PX540201090000 Has deliberately destroyed others' property more
(other than by fire setting) show less
N/A
PX540201_Engaged_In_Fire_Setting
PX540201210000 Has deliberately engaged in fire setting more
with the intention of causing serious damage show less
N/A
PX540201_Forced_Someone_Into_Sexual_Activity
PX540201150000 Has forced someone into sexual activity N/A
PX540201_Initiates_Physical_Fights
PX540201110000 Often initiates physical fights with others more
who do not live in his or her household (e.g., peers at school or in the neighborhood) show less
N/A
PX540201_Often_Angry_And_Resentful
PX540201120000 Is often angry and resentful N/A
PX540201_Often_Argues_With_Adults
PX540201020000 Often argues with adults N/A
PX540201_Often_Bullies_Threatens_Or_Intimidates
PX540201160000 Often bullies, threatens, or intimidates others N/A
PX540201_Often_Deliberately_Annoys_People
PX540201190000 Often deliberately annoys people Variable Mapping
PX540201_Often_Lies
PX540201030000 Often lies to obtain goods or favors or to more
avoid obligations (i.e., cons others) show less
N/A
PX540201_Often_Loses_Temper
PX540201140000 Often loses temper N/A
PX540201_Often_Spiteful_Or_Vindictive
PX540201070000 Is often spiteful or vindictive N/A
PX540201_Often_Truant_From_School
PX540201060000 Often truant from school, beginning before more
age 13 years show less
N/A
PX540201_Physically_Cruel_To_Animals
PX540201170000 Has been physically cruel to animals N/A
PX540201_Physically_Cruel_To_People
PX540201040000 Has been physically cruel to people N/A
PX540201_Run_Away_From_Home_Overnight
PX540201010000 Has run away from home overnight at least more
twice while living in parental or parental surrogate home (or once without returning for a lengthy period) show less
N/A
PX540201_Stays_Out_At_Night
PX540201180000 Often stays out at night despite parental more
prohibitions, beginning before age 13 years show less
N/A
PX540201_Stolen_Confronting_Victim
PX540201200000 Has stolen while confronting a victim (e.g., more
mugging, purse snatching, extortion, armed robbery) show less
N/A
PX540201_Stolen_Items_Without_Confronting_Victim
PX540201050000 Has stolen items of nontrivial value without more
confronting a victim (e.g., shoplifting, but without breaking and entering; forgery) show less
N/A
PX540201_Touchy_Or_Annoyed_By_Others
PX540201130000 Is often touchy or easily annoyed by others Variable Mapping
PX540201_Used_Weapon
PX540201230000 Has used a weapon that can cause serious more
physical harm to others (e.g., a bat, brick, broken bottle, knife, gun) show less
N/A
Substance Use-related Psychosocial Risk Factors
Measure Name

Disruptive Behavior

Release Date

February 24, 2012

Definition

This measure assesses the participant’s disruptive behaviors (one aspect of the externalizing spectrum).

Purpose

Childhood disruptive behavior is a risk factor for adult crime, violence, and substance abuse.

Keywords

Assessment, conduct disorder, CD, Disruptive Behavior Disorders Rating Scale, DBDRS, disruptive behaviors, oppositional defiant disorder, ODD, substance abuse and addiction, SAA, Substance Use-related Psychosocial Risk Factors, Attention deficit Hyperactivity disorder, ADHD

Measure Protocols
Protocol ID Protocol Name
540201 Disruptive Behavior
Publications

There are no publications listed for this protocol.