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Protocol - Adolescent Pediatric Pain Tool (APPT)

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Description

The Adolescent Pediatric Pain Tool (APPT) is a multidimensional self-administered pain assessment tool. The APPT is used with children and adolescents to evaluate pain intensity, location, and quality (including sensory, temporal, affective, and evaluative). The APPT can be used with individuals experiencing pain for various reasons, such as sickle cell disease (SCD), postoperative pain, allergy testing, orthopedic, traumatic injury, and cancer. The APPT was modeled after the McGill Pain Questionnaire and is available in English and Spanish.

Specific Instructions

None

Protocol

Adolescent Pediatric Pain Tool (APPT)

Scoring:

The Adolescent Pediatric Pain Tool (APPT) provides five subscale scores:

  1. Number of pain sites as a measure of pain location from marks on a body outline.
  1. Pain intensity measured by the Word Graphic Rating Scale (WGRS) and anchored by the words no pain, little, medium, large, and worst possible pain.
  1. Number of pain quality descriptors, which yields percent scores for the sensory, affective, and evaluative subscales.
  1. Number of temporal descriptors, which yields a percent temporal subscale.
  1. Percent of total pain quality and temporal descriptors as a total subscale.

The introduction of the Jacob et al. 2014 publication (see the Source section) contains details and source information regarding the above subscales.

Availability

Available

Personnel and Training Required

None

Equipment Needs

None

Requirements
Requirement CategoryRequired
Major equipment No
Specialized training No
Specialized requirements for biospecimen collection No
Average time of greater than 15 minutes in an unaffected individual No
Mode of Administration

Self-administered questionnaire

Lifestage

Child, Adolescent

Participants

Individuals ages 8 to 17 years old.

Selection Rationale

The Sickle Cell Disease Neurology, Quality of Life, and Health Services Working Group selected the Adolescent Pediatric Pain Tool (APPT) because it provides a comprehensive evaluation of pain, is well validated, widely used, and has minimal participant burden.

Additionally, the APPT was modeled after the McGill Pain Questionnaire (see Pain (Type and Intensity)-Adults). By using both of these tools, investigators can collect comparable pain data in pediatric and adult populations.

Language

English, Other languages available at source

Standards
StandardNameIDSource
caDSR Common Data Elements (CDE) Adolescent Pediatric Pain Tool Assessment Score 4924395 CDE Browser
Human Phenotype Ontology Abdominal pain HP:0002027 HPO
Human Phenotype Ontology Abnormality of the gastrointestinal tract HP:0011024 HPO
Derived Variables

None

Process and Review

Not applicable.

Protocol Name from Source

Adolescent Pediatric Pain Tool (APPT)

Source

Jacob, E., Mack, A. K., Savedra, M., Van Cleve, L., & Wilkie, D. J. (2014). Adolescent pediatric pain tool for multidimensional measurement of pain in children and adolescents. Pain Management Nursing 15(3), 694-706.

General References

Fernandes, A., De Campos, C., Batalha, L., Perdigão, A., & Jacob, E. (2014). Pain assessment using the Adolescent Pediatric Pain Tool: A systematic review. Pain Research and Management, 19(4), 212-218.

Franck, L., Treadwell, M., Jacob, E., & Vichinsky, E. (2002). Assessment of Sickle Cell Pain in Children and Young Adults Using the Adolescent Pediatric Pain Tool. Journal of Pain Symptom Management, 23, 114-120.

Jacob, E., Miaskowski, C., Savedra, M., Beyer, J., Treadwell, M., & Styles, L. (2003). Changes in intensity, location, and quality of vaso-occlusive pain in children with sickle cell disease. Pain, 102, 187-193.

Jacob, E., Stinson, J., Duran, J., Gupta, A., Gerla, M., Lewis, M. A., & Zeltzer L. (2012). Usability testing of a smartphone for accessing a web-based e-diary for self-monitoring of pain and symptoms in sickle cell disease. Journal of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, 34, 326-335.

Savedra, M. C., Tesler, M. D., Holzemer, W. L., & Ward, J. A. (1992). Adolescent Pediatric Pain Tool (APPT): User’s manual. San Francisco, CA: University of California, School of Nursing.

Savedra, M. C., Tesler, M. D., Holzemer, W. L., & Brokaw, P. (1995). A strategy to assess the temporal dimension of pain in children and adolescents. Nursing Research, 44(5), 272-276.

Savedra, M. C., Holzemer, W. L., Tesler, M. D., & Wilkie, D. J. (1993). Assessment of postoperation pain in children and adolescents using the adolescent pediatric pain tool. Nursing Research, 42(1), 5-9.

Savedra, M. C., Tesler, M. D., Holzemer, W. L., Wilkie, D. J., & Ward, J. A. (1989). Pain location: Validity and reliability of body outline markings by hospitalized children and adolescents. Research in Nursing & Health, 12(5), 307-314.

Tesler, M. D., Savedra, M. C., Holzemer, W. L., Wilkie, D. J., Ward, J. A., & Paul, S. M. (1991). The word-graphic rating scale as a measure of children’s and adolescents’ pain intensity. Research in Nursing & Health, 14(5), 361-371.

Wilkie, D. J., Holzemer, W. L., Tesler, M. D., Ward, J. A., Paul, S. M., & Savedra, M. C. (1990). Measuring pain quality: Validity and reliability of children’s and adolescents’ pain language. Pain, 41(2), 151-159.

Protocol ID

190902

Variables
Export Variables
Variable Name Variable IDVariable DescriptiondbGaP Mapping
PX190902_PainType_Intensity_Code
PX190902010000 Code Variable Mapping
PX190902_PainType_Intensity_Date
PX190902020000 Date N/A
PX190902_PainType_Intensity_Describe_Pain
PX190902050100 Point to or circle as many of these words more
that describe your pain show less
N/A
PX190902_PainType_Intensity_Describe_PainOther1
PX190902050200 Point to or circle as many of these words more
that describe your pain: If you like, you may add other words show less
N/A
PX190902_PainType_Intensity_Describe_PainOther2
PX190902050300 Point to or circle as many of these words more
that describe your pain: If you like, you may add other words show less
N/A
PX190902_PainType_Intensity_Describe_PainOther3
PX190902050400 Point to or circle as many of these words more
that describe your pain: If you like, you may add other words show less
N/A
PX190902_PainType_Intensity_Mark_Pain_Amount
PX190902040000 Place a straight, up and down mark on this more
line to show how much pain you have. show less
N/A
PX190902_PainType_Intensity_Mark_Pain_Areas
PX190902030000 Color in the areas on these drawings to show more
where you have pain. Make the marks as big or small as the place where the pain is. show less
N/A
Gastrointestinal
Measure Name

Pain (Type and Intensity)

Release Date

July 30, 2015

Definition

This is a measure to assess pain and related symptoms.

Purpose

To provide a comprehensive measure of pain symptoms and conditions.

Keywords

adolescent pediatric pain tool (appt), Adolescent Pediatric Pain Tool, APPT, adolescent, Child, pain, ache, muscle soreness, Muscle stiffness, Pain intensity, Pain measurement, Pain assessment, Pain symptoms, Postoperative, sickle cell disease, SCD, Allergy testing, Orthopedic, Traumatic injury, proprietary

Measure Protocols
Protocol ID Protocol Name
190901 Short Form-McGill Pain Questionnaire-2 (SF-MPQ-2)
190902 Adolescent Pediatric Pain Tool (APPT)
Publications

There are no publications listed for this protocol.