Protocol - Adolescent Pediatric Pain Tool (APPT)
Description
The Adolescent Pediatric Pain Tool (APPT) is a multidimensional self-administered pain assessment tool. The APPT is used with children and adolescents to evaluate pain intensity, location, and quality (including sensory, temporal, affective, and evaluative). The APPT can be used with individuals experiencing pain for various reasons, such as sickle cell disease (SCD), postoperative pain, allergy testing, orthopedic, traumatic injury, and cancer. The APPT was modeled after the McGill Pain Questionnaire and is available in English and Spanish.
Specific Instructions
None
Protocol
Adolescent Pediatric Pain Tool (APPT)
Scoring:
The Adolescent Pediatric Pain Tool (APPT) provides five subscale scores:
- Number of pain sites as a measure of pain location from marks on a body outline.
- Pain intensity measured by the Word Graphic Rating Scale (WGRS) and anchored by the words no pain, little, medium, large, and worst possible pain.
- Number of pain quality descriptors, which yields percent scores for the sensory, affective, and evaluative subscales.
- Number of temporal descriptors, which yields a percent temporal subscale.
- Percent of total pain quality and temporal descriptors as a total subscale.
The introduction of the Jacob et al. 2014 publication (see the Source section) contains details and source information regarding the above subscales.
Availability
Personnel and Training Required
None
Equipment Needs
None
Requirements
| Requirement Category | Required |
|---|---|
| Major equipment | No |
| Specialized training | No |
| Specialized requirements for biospecimen collection | No |
| Average time of greater than 15 minutes in an unaffected individual | No |
Mode of Administration
Self-administered questionnaire
Lifestage
Child, Adolescent
Participants
Individuals ages 8 to 17 years old.
Selection Rationale
The Sickle Cell Disease Neurology, Quality of Life, and Health Services Working Group selected the Adolescent Pediatric Pain Tool (APPT) because it provides a comprehensive evaluation of pain, is well validated, widely used, and has minimal participant burden.
Additionally, the APPT was modeled after the McGill Pain Questionnaire (see Pain (Type and Intensity)-Adults). By using both of these tools, investigators can collect comparable pain data in pediatric and adult populations.
Language
English, Other languages available at source
Standards
| Standard | Name | ID | Source |
|---|---|---|---|
| caDSR Common Data Elements (CDE) | Adolescent Pediatric Pain Tool Assessment Score | 4924395 | CDE Browser |
| Human Phenotype Ontology | Abdominal pain | HP:0002027 | HPO |
| Human Phenotype Ontology | Abnormality of the gastrointestinal tract | HP:0011024 | HPO |
Derived Variables
None
Process and Review
Not applicable.
Protocol Name from Source
Adolescent Pediatric Pain Tool (APPT)
Source
Jacob, E., Mack, A. K., Savedra, M., Van Cleve, L., & Wilkie, D. J. (2014). Adolescent pediatric pain tool for multidimensional measurement of pain in children and adolescents. Pain Management Nursing 15(3), 694-706.
General References
Fernandes, A., De Campos, C., Batalha, L., Perdigão, A., & Jacob, E. (2014). Pain assessment using the Adolescent Pediatric Pain Tool: A systematic review. Pain Research and Management, 19(4), 212-218.
Franck, L., Treadwell, M., Jacob, E., & Vichinsky, E. (2002). Assessment of Sickle Cell Pain in Children and Young Adults Using the Adolescent Pediatric Pain Tool. Journal of Pain Symptom Management, 23, 114-120.
Jacob, E., Miaskowski, C., Savedra, M., Beyer, J., Treadwell, M., & Styles, L. (2003). Changes in intensity, location, and quality of vaso-occlusive pain in children with sickle cell disease. Pain, 102, 187-193.
Jacob, E., Stinson, J., Duran, J., Gupta, A., Gerla, M., Lewis, M. A., & Zeltzer L. (2012). Usability testing of a smartphone for accessing a web-based e-diary for self-monitoring of pain and symptoms in sickle cell disease. Journal of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, 34, 326-335.
Savedra, M. C., Tesler, M. D., Holzemer, W. L., & Ward, J. A. (1992). Adolescent Pediatric Pain Tool (APPT): User’s manual. San Francisco, CA: University of California, School of Nursing.
Savedra, M. C., Tesler, M. D., Holzemer, W. L., & Brokaw, P. (1995). A strategy to assess the temporal dimension of pain in children and adolescents. Nursing Research, 44(5), 272-276.
Savedra, M. C., Holzemer, W. L., Tesler, M. D., & Wilkie, D. J. (1993). Assessment of postoperation pain in children and adolescents using the adolescent pediatric pain tool. Nursing Research, 42(1), 5-9.
Savedra, M. C., Tesler, M. D., Holzemer, W. L., Wilkie, D. J., & Ward, J. A. (1989). Pain location: Validity and reliability of body outline markings by hospitalized children and adolescents. Research in Nursing & Health, 12(5), 307-314.
Tesler, M. D., Savedra, M. C., Holzemer, W. L., Wilkie, D. J., Ward, J. A., & Paul, S. M. (1991). The word-graphic rating scale as a measure of children’s and adolescents’ pain intensity. Research in Nursing & Health, 14(5), 361-371.
Wilkie, D. J., Holzemer, W. L., Tesler, M. D., Ward, J. A., Paul, S. M., & Savedra, M. C. (1990). Measuring pain quality: Validity and reliability of children’s and adolescents’ pain language. Pain, 41(2), 151-159.
Protocol ID
190902
Variables
Export Variables| Variable Name | Variable ID | Variable Description | dbGaP Mapping | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| PX190902_PainType_Intensity_Code | ||||
| PX190902010000 | Code | Variable Mapping | ||
| PX190902_PainType_Intensity_Date | ||||
| PX190902020000 | Date | N/A | ||
| PX190902_PainType_Intensity_Describe_Pain | ||||
| PX190902050100 | Point to or circle as many of these words more | N/A | ||
| PX190902_PainType_Intensity_Describe_PainOther1 | ||||
| PX190902050200 | Point to or circle as many of these words more | N/A | ||
| PX190902_PainType_Intensity_Describe_PainOther2 | ||||
| PX190902050300 | Point to or circle as many of these words more | N/A | ||
| PX190902_PainType_Intensity_Describe_PainOther3 | ||||
| PX190902050400 | Point to or circle as many of these words more | N/A | ||
| PX190902_PainType_Intensity_Mark_Pain_Amount | ||||
| PX190902040000 | Place a straight, up and down mark on this more | N/A | ||
| PX190902_PainType_Intensity_Mark_Pain_Areas | ||||
| PX190902030000 | Color in the areas on these drawings to show more | N/A | ||
Measure Name
Pain (Type and Intensity)
Release Date
July 30, 2015
Definition
This is a measure to assess pain and related symptoms.
Purpose
To provide a comprehensive measure of pain symptoms and conditions.
Keywords
adolescent pediatric pain tool (appt), Adolescent Pediatric Pain Tool, APPT, adolescent, Child, pain, ache, muscle soreness, Muscle stiffness, Pain intensity, Pain measurement, Pain assessment, Pain symptoms, Postoperative, sickle cell disease, SCD, Allergy testing, Orthopedic, Traumatic injury, proprietary
Measure Protocols
| Protocol ID | Protocol Name |
|---|---|
| 190901 | Short Form-McGill Pain Questionnaire-2 (SF-MPQ-2) |
| 190902 | Adolescent Pediatric Pain Tool (APPT) |
Publications
There are no publications listed for this protocol.