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Research Domain - Pregnancy

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Kotelchuck Index (Adequacy of Prenatal Care Utilization (APNCU))
#240101

National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES), Laboratory Procedure Manual, 2005-2006
#240201

National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) Laboratory Procedure Manual, 2011-2012
#240301

National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES), Laboratory Procedure Manual, 2005-2006
#240401

National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES), Laboratory Procedure Manual, 2003-2004
#240501

National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) Mobile Examination Center (MEC) Laboratory Procedures Manual, 2013-2014
#240601

National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES), Reproductive Health Module, 2007-2008
#240602

Nulliparous Pregnancy Outcomes Study Monitoring Mothers-to-Be (nuMoM2b), Difficulties in Pregnancy, 2010
#240701

Nulliparous Pregnancy Outcomes Study Monitoring Mothers-to-Be (nuMoM2b), Difficulties in Pregnancy, 2011
#240801

Hadlock, F.P., et al. Racial/ethnic standards for fetal groth: the NICHD Fetal Growth Studies. Am J Obstet Gynecol, 2015
#241501

Boston Medical Center, Extremely Low Gestational Age Newborns (ELGAN) Study, Maternal Interview, 2002
#240901

Project Gestational Age
#240902

Nulliparous Pregnancy Outcomes Study Monitoring Mothers-to-Be (nuMoM2b): CLA Prenatal Labs, Version 04
#241001

Early Life Exposure Assessment Tool (ELEAT), 2015
#241101

Pregnancy Risk Assessment Monitoring System (PRAMS), Phase 7
#241201

Extremely Low Gestational Age Newborns (ELGAN) Chart Abstraction Form, 2002
#241202

Pregnancy Risk Assessment Monitoring System (PRAMS), Phase 7
#241301

A Randomized Trial of Induction Versus Expectant Management (ARRIVE), 2016
#241302

The Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale© (EPDS)
#241401
Age of Initiation of First Cigarette Use - Adult
Co-sponsored Tobacco Use Supplement to the Current Population Survey, 2010
Alcohol - 30-Day Quantity and Frequency
National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH), 2015 & National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism (NIAAA) National Epidemiologic Survey on Alcohol and Related Conditions, Wave 1 (NESARC - WAVE 1)/Alcohol Use Disorder and Associated Disabilities Interview Schedule-IV (AUDADIS-IV)
Alcohol - Age of First Use
National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH), 2015
Alcohol - Lifetime Use
National Epidemiologic Survey on Alcohol and Related Conditions (NESARC), Wave 1
Alcohol - Maximum Drinks in 24 Hours
National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism (NIAAA), National Epidemiologic Survey on Alcohol and Related Conditions-III (NESARC-III)
Assessment of Pubertal Development - Teenage Female
Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children (ALSPAC), Growing and Changing (8), Female Teenage Questionnaire - 175 - 204 Months
Assessment of Pubertal Development - Teenage Male
Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children (ALSPAC), Growing and Changing (8), Male Teenage Questionnaire
Birth Weight - Birth Weight Abstracted from Medical Records
Center for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), National Vital Statistics System Birth Certificate Section, 2005-2006
Birth Weight - Measured Weight at Birth
Krebs, N. F., et al. Complementary feeding: A Global Network cluster randomized controlled trial manual of operations, BMC PEDIATR, 2011
Birth Weight - Proxy Reported Birth Weight
National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES), 2005-2006
Birthplace
American Community Survey (ACS), 2008
Birthplace of Grandparents
American Community Survey (ACS), 2008
Birthplace of Parents
American Community Survey (ACS), 2008
Birthplace of Parents
American Community Survey (ACS), 2008
Blood Pressure (Adult/Primary)
Coronary Artery Risk Development in Young Adults (CARDIA), Y20 CARDIA VII & Framingham Heart Study (FHS), Generation 3
Causes and Treatments of Known Infertility - Female
National Survey of Family Growth (NFSG), 2013-2015
Causes and Treatments of Known Infertility - Male
National Survey of Family Growth (NFSG), Male, 2013-2015
Child Head Circumference
National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES), Anthropometry Procedures Manual, 2007
Cigarette Nicotine Dependence
Fagerstrom Test for Nicotine Dependence, 1991
Cigarette Smoking Status - Adolescent
Population Assessment of Tobacco and Health (PATH) Study Wave 3
Cigarette Smoking Status - Adult
Population Assessment of Tobacco and Health (PATH) Study Wave 1
Current Contraception Use - Female
National Survey of Family Growth (NFSG), 2013-2015
Current Contraception Use - Male
National Survey of Family Growth (NFSG), Male, 2013-2015
Current Environmental Tobacco Smoke Exposure
National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES), Family Questionnaire, 2007-2008
Deep Venous Thrombosis
Womens Health Initiative (WHI) & Cardiovascular Health Study (CHS)
Depression Screener - Adults
Composite International Diagnostic Interview Screening Scales (CIDI-SC) 5.0, Depression
Difficulty Getting Pregnant - Current Duration
Slama, R., et al, Feasibility of the Current-Duration Approach to Studying Human Fecundity, EPIDEMIOLOGY, 2006
Difficulty Getting Pregnant - Prospective Assessment
Pregnancy Study Online (PRESTO), Female Screener and Baseline Questionnaire
Difficulty Getting Pregnant - Retrospective Assessment
Slama, R., et al, Epidemiologic tools to study the influence of environmental factors on fecundity and pregnancy-related outcomes, EPIDEMIOL REVs, 2014
Ethnicity and Race
U.S. Census Bureau, Census 2020, Questionnaire
Existence of Cleft Lip or Palate
Oral Facial Cleft Study of Cleft Lip and Palate, Demographics and Medical History
High Blood Pressure During Pregnancy
Coronary Artery Risk Development in Young Adults (CARDIA), Y20 CARDIA VII, Pregnancy Questionnaire
History of Prepubertal Development - Female
Black Women's Health Study (BWHS), 1995
History of Prepubertal Development - Male
Study for Future Families (SFF) & National Longitudinal Survey of Youth (NLSY)
Hormonal Therapy
Nurses' Health Study II (NHS II), 2015
Human Papillomavirus Vaccine Use
Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (BRFSS), 2014
Male Fertility Status
WHO Laboratory Manual for the Examination and Processing of Human Semen, Fifth Edition, 2010
Male Reproductive Tract Birth Defects
Study For Future Families
Male Sexual Function
Study for Future Families & International Index of Erectile Function (IIEF)
Menstrual History
Nurses' Health Study (NHS), Black Women's Health Study (BWHS), Study of Women Across the Nation (SWAN)
Oral Glucose Tolerance Test
National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES), Oral Glucose Tolerance Test (OGTT) Manual, 2007-2008
Ovulation History
University of Pennsylvania, Cancer Risk Evaluation Program, Health History Questionnaire, 9/2006
Patterns of Substance Use - Adolescents
Monitoring the Future (MTF), 2015
Patterns of Substance Use - Adults - Binge-Drinking
National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism (NIAAA), National Epidemiologic Survey on Alcohol and Related Conditions-III (NESARC-III)
Personal and Family History of Strabismus
Childrens Hospital Boston, Participant Contact Details and Medical Questionnaire, 2008
Personal History of Type I and Type II Diabetes
Multi-Ethnic Study of Arthrosclerosis (MESA), Exam 1, Medical History, 2001
Pregnancy Status - Mother and Baby Health
Pregnancy Risk Assessment Monitoring System (PRAMS), 2009
Pregnancy Status and Tobacco Use
Population Assessment of Tobacco and Health (PATH) Study, Baseline Adult Extended Interview
Prostate Symptoms
International Prostate Symptom Score (I-PSS)
Pulmonary Embolism
Womens Health Initiative (WHI) & Cardiovascular Health Study (CHS)
Removal of Female Reproductive Organs
National Survey of Family Growth (NSFG), 2011-2013
Reproductive History - Female
Women's Interview Study of Health & Pregnancy Risk Assessment Monitoring System (PRAMS), 2009
Screening and Severity of Substance Use Problems - Adolescents
Treatment Improvement Protocol (TIP) Services, Simple Screening Instrument for Alcohol and Other Drugs (SSI-AOD)
Screening and Severity of Substance Use Problems - Adults - Alcohol - Lifetime
Brief Michigan Alcoholism Screening Test (Brief MAST)
Screening and Severity of Substance Use Problems - Adults - Alcohol - Past 12 Months
Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test (AUDIT)
Screening and Severity of Substance Use Problems - Adults - Drugs
Drug Abuse Screening Test (DAST-10)
Serial Pregnancy Weight - Weights Measured During Gestation
American Congress of Obstetricians and Gynecologists (ACOG), Antenatal Record Forms B and C
Serum Creatinine - Assay
National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES), Laboratory Procedures Manual, 2007
Substances - 30-Day Frequency
National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH), 2015
Substances - Age of First Use
National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH), 2015
Substances - Lifetime Use
National Epidemiologic Survey on Alcohol and Related Conditions-III (NESARC-III)
Tobacco (non-cigarette) - Product Use
National Epidemiologic Survey on Alcohol and Related Conditions (NESARC), Wave 1
Tobacco - 30-Day Quantity and Frequency - Adolescent
National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH), 2014
Tobacco - 30-Day Quantity and Frequency - Adult
Tobacco Use Supplement to the Current Population Survey (TUS-CPS), 2010
Tobacco - Age of Initiation of Use - Adolescent
National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH), 2008
Tobacco - Age of Offset of Cigarette Use - Adolescent
National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH), 2015
Tobacco - Age of Offset of Cigarette Use - Adult
Tobacco Use Supplement to the Current Population Survey (TUS-CPS), 2006
Total Pregnancy Weight Gain - Abstracted From Prenatal Charts
American Congress of Obstetricians and Gynecologists (ACOG), Antenatal Record Forms B and C, 2014
Total Pregnancy Weight Gain - Self-Reported Weight Gain
Pregnancy Risk Assessment Monitoring System (PRAMS), Phase 5
Total Pregnancy Weight Gain - Weight Measured During Gestation
American Congress of Obstetricians and Gynecologists (ACOG), Antenatal Record Forms B and C, 2014
Urinary Creatinine - Assay
National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES), Laboratory Procedures Manual, 2007
Urinary Microalbumin - Assay
National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES), Laboratory Procedures Manual, 2007
Use of Tobacco Products
Population Assessment of Tobacco and Health (PATH) Study, Wave 1 Adult Extended Interview 7.5 and Individual Screener 7.5
Weight Loss/Gain
National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES), Weight History Questionnaire, 2007
Release Date:

January 31, 2017

Scope of Domain:
Scope Elements Final Protocols To Toolkit (19)
Gestational Age Gestational Age
Fetal Growth Fetal Growth Assessment
Mode of Delivery
  • Event that initiated immediate birth process
Mode of Delivery
Mode of Conception Mode of Conception
Pregnancy History
  • Live birthday, losses, etc
  • Family History
Current Pregnancy Status
Family History of Pregnancy Complications
Issues of Premature Delivery
  • Biomarkers, inflammation
Concentrations of Flame Retardants
Concentrations of Phenols and Parabens
Concentrations of Polychlorinated Biphenyls (PCBs) and Persistent Pesticides
Concentrations of Trace Metals
Biological responses to environment See biomarkers
Federated Bio-bank, Standardize Approaches (e.g., blood spot cards for environmental monitoring, DNA, collect hair, teeth to capture exposures) See biomarkers
Biomonitoring during Pregnancy and other Sensors See biomarkers
Prenatal Care
  • Provider visits
  • Social Media
  • Personal behavior during pregnancy: physical activity, diet sleep
Adequacy of Prenatal Care
Health and Wellness Before, During, and After Pregnancy
Exposures during Pregnancy
  • Developmental toxicants
  • Smoking, including second hand smoke
  • Alcohol during pregnancy
See biomarkers
Addressed elsewhere in the PhenX Toolkit
Pharmacological
  • antibiotic use, psychotropic medications, antiepileptic medications
Addressed elsewhere in the PhenX Toolkit
Placental Characteristics Placental Assessment (Supplemental Information)
Complications of Pregnancy
  • Growth restriction
Difficulties in Pregnancy
Diabetes, Pre-eclampsia Gestational Diabetes
Pregnancy Weight Gain: Total and Serial Addressed elsewhere in the PhenX Toolkit
Pre-pregnancy BMI, Weight, Height Addressed elsewhere in the PhenX Toolkit
Diet Addressed elsewhere in the PhenX Toolkit
Nutrients - Vitamins, Folic Acid, Other Supplements Addressed elsewhere in the PhenX Toolkit
Psychological/psychiatric Conditions Prenatal and Postpartum Depression
Psychological Stress Addressed elsewhere in the PhenX Toolkit
Working Group Roster:

WG Members:

Siobhan Dolan, MD, MPH, Chair
Albert Einstein College of Medicine
Bronx, NY
Cande Ananth, PhD
Columbia University
New York, NY
Patrick Catalano, MD
Case Western Reserve University
MetroHealth Medical Center
Cleveland, OH
Erin Hines, PhD
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
Research Triangle Park, NC
Ann Kinga Malinowski, MD
Mount Sinai Hospital
Toronto, ON
Russ Kirby, PhD
University of South Florida
Tampa, FL
Mark Klebanoff, MD, MPH
Nationwide Children's Hospital
Columbus, OH
John J. Mulvihill, MD
National Human Genome Research Institute (NHGRI)
Bethesda, MD
Hyagriv Simhan, MD, MS
Magee-Women's Research Institute
Pittsburgh, PA

SC Liaison, WG Manager and WG Supervisor:

Rosalind J. Wright, MD, MPH, SC Liaison
Icahn School of Medicine
New York, NY
Lisa Cox, MS, WG Manager
RTI International
Atlanta, GA
Michael Phillips, MS, WG Supervisor
RTI International
Research Triangle Park, NC
Select Measure Name Protocols
Adequacy of Prenatal Care Adequacy of Prenatal Care
Concentrations of Flame Retardants Concentrations of Flame Retardants
Concentrations of Phenols and Parabens Concentrations of Phenols and Parabens
Concentrations of Polychlorinated Biphenyls (PCBs) and Persistent Pesticides Concentrations of Polychlorinated Biphenyls (PCBs) and Persistent Pesticides
Concentrations of Trace Metals Concentrations of Trace Metals
Current Pregnancy Status Current Pregnancy Status - Bioassay
Current Pregnancy Status - Self-Report
Difficulties in Pregnancy Difficulties in Pregnancy
Family History of Pregnancy Complications Family History of Pregnancy Complications
Gestational Age Gestational Age - Maternal Interview
Gestational Age - Medical Record Abstraction
Gestational Diabetes Gestational Diabetes
Health and Wellness Before, During, and After Pregnancy Health and Wellness Before, During, and After Pregnancy
Mode of Conception Mode of Conception - Interview
Mode of Conception - Medical Record Abstraction
Mode of Delivery Mode of Delivery - Interview
Mode of Delivery - Medical Record Abstraction
Prenatal and Postpartum Depression Prenatal and Postpartum Depression
Fetal Growth Assessment - Percentiles for U.S. Populations Fetal Growth Assessment - Percentiles for U.S. Populations